Sepolia Testnet

Contract

0x6f2756380FD49228ae25Aa7F2817993cB74Ecc56

Overview

ETH Balance

0.017597368586375184 ETH

Multichain Info

N/A
Transaction Hash
Method
Block
From
To
Claim72569972024-12-11 12:16:0025 hrs ago1733919360IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0011818331.16084179
Pay For Gas72124162024-12-04 22:33:127 days ago1733351592IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00098123 ETH0.000000810.01820095
Pay For Gas72123892024-12-04 22:27:487 days ago1733351268IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.0000375 ETH0.000000530.01202895
Set Destination ...70316322024-11-07 18:17:0034 days ago1731003420IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000456745.38210654
Set Destination ...70252182024-11-06 18:45:0035 days ago1730918700IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000347975.97046928
Claim70236502024-11-06 13:03:1236 days ago1730898192IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0003985710.50893957
Set Destination ...70230972024-11-06 11:02:0036 days ago1730890920IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0032360355.53520896
Set Destination ...68571172024-10-11 15:54:1261 days ago1728662052IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0025347943.49182363
Set Destination ...68512242024-10-10 16:15:3662 days ago1728576936IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0013805723.68303938
Set Destination ...68510132024-10-10 15:23:1262 days ago1728573792IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0013205215.56265225
Set Destination ...67596812024-09-25 22:53:2477 days ago1727304804IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.04998679170.16433674
Pay For Gas67230732024-09-19 19:50:4883 days ago1726775448IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.1 ETH0.000111142.1192343
Pay For Gas67230612024-09-19 19:48:0083 days ago1726775280IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.01 ETH0.000123612.3569067
Claim67056232024-09-16 23:15:2486 days ago1726528524IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000192175.06707551
Claim67021242024-09-16 10:07:1287 days ago1726481232IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000350649.24526313
Claim66901512024-09-14 13:15:2489 days ago1726319724IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000052721.39008117
Claim66863092024-09-13 22:15:2489 days ago1726265724IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000000070.00198149
Claim66819702024-09-13 5:15:1290 days ago1726204512IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000001890.04986322
Claim66771942024-09-12 10:15:2491 days ago1726136124IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0021395656.4127381
Claim66742492024-09-11 21:15:2491 days ago1726089324IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.00006971.83788352
Claim66709202024-09-11 7:15:2492 days ago1726038924IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0006290116.5850035
Claim66550972024-09-08 12:15:3695 days ago1725797736IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000133943.53174257
Claim66428722024-09-06 11:15:2497 days ago1725621324IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000245916.48395325
Claim66357282024-09-05 6:15:3698 days ago1725516936IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.0013129534.61793361
Claim66294912024-09-04 5:15:2499 days ago1725426924IN
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH0.000276047.27823617
View all transactions

Latest 25 internal transactions (View All)

Advanced mode:
Parent Transaction Hash Block
From
To
72639362024-12-12 12:53:0048 mins ago1734007980
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00023917 ETH
72635052024-12-12 11:21:482 hrs ago1734002508
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00786541 ETH
72608972024-12-12 2:05:2411 hrs ago1733969124
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00017396 ETH
72601152024-12-11 23:21:4814 hrs ago1733959308
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00075442 ETH
72584722024-12-11 17:30:2420 hrs ago1733938224
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00839043 ETH
72580772024-12-11 16:06:1221 hrs ago1733933172
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00017396 ETH
72569972024-12-11 12:16:0025 hrs ago1733919360
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
1.00211615 ETH
72567422024-12-11 11:21:4826 hrs ago1733916108
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.0314604 ETH
72565772024-12-11 10:47:0026 hrs ago1733914020
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.01784503 ETH
72556092024-12-11 7:22:4830 hrs ago1733901768
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0 ETH
72526552024-12-10 20:57:4840 hrs ago1733864268
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.0078651 ETH
72516702024-12-10 17:33:1244 hrs ago1733851992
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00786541 ETH
72499282024-12-10 11:22:002 days ago1733829720
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00786541 ETH
72465532024-12-09 23:21:482 days ago1733786508
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00075442 ETH
72445452024-12-09 16:11:362 days ago1733760696
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00000038 ETH
72444632024-12-09 15:54:482 days ago1733759688
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00003146 ETH
72441222024-12-09 14:41:482 days ago1733755308
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00023917 ETH
72435592024-12-09 12:38:483 days ago1733747928
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00023917 ETH
72432152024-12-09 11:24:483 days ago1733743488
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00003416 ETH
72432002024-12-09 11:21:483 days ago1733743308
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.0314604 ETH
72396322024-12-08 22:47:003 days ago1733698020
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00000074 ETH
72391232024-12-08 20:57:483 days ago1733691468
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.0078651 ETH
72364182024-12-08 11:21:484 days ago1733656908
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00786541 ETH
72330202024-12-07 23:22:004 days ago1733613720
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.00075442 ETH
72296172024-12-07 11:21:485 days ago1733570508
0x6f275638...cB74Ecc56
0.0314604 ETH
View All Internal Transactions
Loading...
Loading

Similar Match Source Code
This contract matches the deployed Bytecode of the Source Code for Contract 0xfFAEF09B...EC2884766
The constructor portion of the code might be different and could alter the actual behaviour of the contract

Contract Name:
TransparentUpgradeableProxy

Compiler Version
v0.8.19+commit.7dd6d404

Optimization Enabled:
No with 200 runs

Other Settings:
default evmVersion

Contract Source Code (Solidity)

/**
 *Submitted for verification at Etherscan.io on 2023-11-17
*/

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
// Sources flattened with hardhat v2.16.1 https://hardhat.org

// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function that returns the initialized version. Returns `_initialized`
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function that returns the initialized version. Returns `_initializing`
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20MetadataUpgradeable is IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;




/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20Upgradeable, IERC20MetadataUpgradeable {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[45] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721MetadataUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC165Upgradeable {
    function __ERC165_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC165_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165Upgradeable).interfaceId;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library MathUpgradeable {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library StringsUpgradeable {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = MathUpgradeable.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, MathUpgradeable.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;








/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, ERC165Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable, IERC721MetadataUpgradeable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;
    using StringsUpgradeable for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    function __ERC721_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC721_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC721_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165Upgradeable, IERC165Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Upgradeable).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721MetadataUpgradeable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner or approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _ownerOf(tokenId) != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not minted by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        unchecked {
            // Will not overflow unless all 2**256 token ids are minted to the same owner.
            // Given that tokens are minted one by one, it is impossible in practice that
            // this ever happens. Might change if we allow batch minting.
            // The ERC fails to describe this case.
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Update ownership in case tokenId was transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // Cannot overflow, as that would require more tokens to be burned/transferred
            // out than the owner initially received through minting and transferring in.
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // `_balances[from]` cannot overflow for the same reason as described in `_burn`:
            // `from`'s balance is the number of token held, which is at least one before the current
            // transfer.
            // `_balances[to]` could overflow in the conditions described in `_mint`. That would require
            // all 2**256 token ids to be minted, which in practice is impossible.
            _balances[from] -= 1;
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens will be transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256, /* firstTokenId */
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {
        if (batchSize > 1) {
            if (from != address(0)) {
                _balances[from] -= batchSize;
            }
            if (to != address(0)) {
                _balances[to] += batchSize;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens were transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens were minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens were burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[44] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC721Upgradeable, IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable {
    function __ERC721Enumerable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC721Enumerable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165Upgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_beforeTokenTransfer}.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, firstTokenId, batchSize);

        if (batchSize > 1) {
            // Will only trigger during construction. Batch transferring (minting) is not available afterwards.
            revert("ERC721Enumerable: consecutive transfers not supported");
        }

        uint256 tokenId = firstTokenId;

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[46] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev ERC721 token with storage based token URI management.
 */
abstract contract ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC721Upgradeable {
    function __ERC721URIStorage_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC721URIStorage_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    using StringsUpgradeable for uint256;

    // Optional mapping for token URIs
    mapping(uint256 => string) private _tokenURIs;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory _tokenURI = _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        string memory base = _baseURI();

        // If there is no base URI, return the token URI.
        if (bytes(base).length == 0) {
            return _tokenURI;
        }
        // If both are set, concatenate the baseURI and tokenURI (via abi.encodePacked).
        if (bytes(_tokenURI).length > 0) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked(base, _tokenURI));
        }

        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `_tokenURI` as the tokenURI of `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string memory _tokenURI) internal virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721URIStorage: URI set of nonexistent token");
        _tokenURIs[tokenId] = _tokenURI;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_burn}. This override additionally checks to see if a
     * token-specific URI was set for the token, and if so, it deletes the token URI from
     * the storage mapping.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual override {
        super._burn(tokenId);

        if (bytes(_tokenURIs[tokenId]).length != 0) {
            delete _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/access/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/access/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;




/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `_msgSender()` is missing `role`.
     * Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
     *
     * Format of the revert message is described in {_checkRole}.
     *
     * _Available since v4.6._
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        Strings.toHexString(account),
                        " is missing role ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/access/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/crosschain/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (crosschain/errors.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

error NotCrossChainCall();
error InvalidCrossChainSender(address actual, address expected);


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/crosschain/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (crosschain/CrossChainEnabled.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/**
 * @dev Provides information for building cross-chain aware contracts. This
 * abstract contract provides accessors and modifiers to control the execution
 * flow when receiving cross-chain messages.
 *
 * Actual implementations of cross-chain aware contracts, which are based on
 * this abstraction, will  have to inherit from a bridge-specific
 * specialization. Such specializations are provided under
 * `crosschain/<chain>/CrossChainEnabled<chain>.sol`.
 *
 * _Available since v4.6._
 */
abstract contract CrossChainEnabled {
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the current function call is not the result of a
     * cross-chain execution.
     */
    modifier onlyCrossChain() {
        if (!_isCrossChain()) revert NotCrossChainCall();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the current function call is not the result of a
     * cross-chain execution initiated by `account`.
     */
    modifier onlyCrossChainSender(address expected) {
        address actual = _crossChainSender();
        if (expected != actual) revert InvalidCrossChainSender(actual, expected);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the current function call is the result of a
     * cross-chain message.
     */
    function _isCrossChain() internal view virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the sender of the cross-chain message that
     * triggered the current function call.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Should revert with `NotCrossChainCall` if the current function
     * call is not the result of a cross-chain message.
     */
    function _crossChainSender() internal view virtual returns (address);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/crosschain/optimism/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (crosschain/optimism/LibOptimism.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;


/**
 * @dev Primitives for cross-chain aware contracts for https://www.optimism.io/[Optimism].
 * See the https://community.optimism.io/docs/developers/bridge/messaging/#accessing-msg-sender[documentation]
 * for the functionality used here.
 */
library LibOptimism {
    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the current function call is the result of a
     * cross-chain message relayed by `messenger`.
     */
    function isCrossChain(address messenger) internal view returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == messenger;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the sender that triggered the current
     * cross-chain message through `messenger`.
     *
     * NOTE: {isCrossChain} should be checked before trying to recover the
     * sender, as it will revert with `NotCrossChainCall` if the current
     * function call is not the result of a cross-chain message.
     */
    function crossChainSender(address messenger) internal view returns (address) {
        if (!isCrossChain(messenger)) revert NotCrossChainCall();

        return ICrossDomainMessenger(messenger).xDomainMessageSender();
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/crosschain/optimism/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (crosschain/optimism/CrossChainEnabledOptimism.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;


/**
 * @dev https://www.optimism.io/[Optimism] specialization or the
 * {CrossChainEnabled} abstraction.
 *
 * The messenger (`CrossDomainMessenger`) contract is provided and maintained by
 * the optimism team. You can find the address of this contract on mainnet and
 * kovan in the https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/packages/contracts/deployments[deployments section of Optimism monorepo].
 *
 * _Available since v4.6._
 */
abstract contract CrossChainEnabledOptimism is CrossChainEnabled {
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
    address private immutable _messenger;

    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
    constructor(address messenger) {
        _messenger = messenger;
    }

    /**
     * @dev see {CrossChainEnabled-_isCrossChain}
     */
    function _isCrossChain() internal view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return LibOptimism.isCrossChain(_messenger);
    }

    /**
     * @dev see {CrossChainEnabled-_crossChainSender}
     */
    function _crossChainSender() internal view virtual override onlyCrossChain returns (address) {
        return LibOptimism.crossChainSender(_messenger);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155Receiver is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Handles the receipt of a single ERC1155 token type. This function is
     * called at the end of a `safeTransferFrom` after the balance has been updated.
     *
     * NOTE: To accept the transfer, this must return
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))`
     * (i.e. 0xf23a6e61, or its own function selector).
     *
     * @param operator The address which initiated the transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
     * @param from The address which previously owned the token
     * @param id The ID of the token being transferred
     * @param value The amount of tokens being transferred
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format
     * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
     */
    function onERC1155Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);

    /**
     * @dev Handles the receipt of a multiple ERC1155 token types. This function
     * is called at the end of a `safeBatchTransferFrom` after the balances have
     * been updated.
     *
     * NOTE: To accept the transfer(s), this must return
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))`
     * (i.e. 0xbc197c81, or its own function selector).
     *
     * @param operator The address which initiated the batch transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
     * @param from The address which previously owned the token
     * @param ids An array containing ids of each token being transferred (order and length must match values array)
     * @param values An array containing amounts of each token being transferred (order and length must match ids array)
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format
     * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
     */
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/governance/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (governance/TimelockController.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;




/**
 * @dev Contract module which acts as a timelocked controller. When set as the
 * owner of an `Ownable` smart contract, it enforces a timelock on all
 * `onlyOwner` maintenance operations. This gives time for users of the
 * controlled contract to exit before a potentially dangerous maintenance
 * operation is applied.
 *
 * By default, this contract is self administered, meaning administration tasks
 * have to go through the timelock process. The proposer (resp executor) role
 * is in charge of proposing (resp executing) operations. A common use case is
 * to position this {TimelockController} as the owner of a smart contract, with
 * a multisig or a DAO as the sole proposer.
 *
 * _Available since v3.3._
 */
contract TimelockController is AccessControl, IERC721Receiver, IERC1155Receiver {
    bytes32 public constant TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE = keccak256("TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE");
    bytes32 public constant PROPOSER_ROLE = keccak256("PROPOSER_ROLE");
    bytes32 public constant EXECUTOR_ROLE = keccak256("EXECUTOR_ROLE");
    bytes32 public constant CANCELLER_ROLE = keccak256("CANCELLER_ROLE");
    uint256 internal constant _DONE_TIMESTAMP = uint256(1);

    mapping(bytes32 => uint256) private _timestamps;
    uint256 private _minDelay;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a call is scheduled as part of operation `id`.
     */
    event CallScheduled(
        bytes32 indexed id,
        uint256 indexed index,
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes data,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        uint256 delay
    );

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a call is performed as part of operation `id`.
     */
    event CallExecuted(bytes32 indexed id, uint256 indexed index, address target, uint256 value, bytes data);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when operation `id` is cancelled.
     */
    event Cancelled(bytes32 indexed id);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the minimum delay for future operations is modified.
     */
    event MinDelayChange(uint256 oldDuration, uint256 newDuration);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract with the following parameters:
     *
     * - `minDelay`: initial minimum delay for operations
     * - `proposers`: accounts to be granted proposer and canceller roles
     * - `executors`: accounts to be granted executor role
     * - `admin`: optional account to be granted admin role; disable with zero address
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The optional admin can aid with initial configuration of roles after deployment
     * without being subject to delay, but this role should be subsequently renounced in favor of
     * administration through timelocked proposals. Previous versions of this contract would assign
     * this admin to the deployer automatically and should be renounced as well.
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 minDelay,
        address[] memory proposers,
        address[] memory executors,
        address admin
    ) {
        _setRoleAdmin(TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);
        _setRoleAdmin(PROPOSER_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);
        _setRoleAdmin(EXECUTOR_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);
        _setRoleAdmin(CANCELLER_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);

        // self administration
        _setupRole(TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE, address(this));

        // optional admin
        if (admin != address(0)) {
            _setupRole(TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE, admin);
        }

        // register proposers and cancellers
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposers.length; ++i) {
            _setupRole(PROPOSER_ROLE, proposers[i]);
            _setupRole(CANCELLER_ROLE, proposers[i]);
        }

        // register executors
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < executors.length; ++i) {
            _setupRole(EXECUTOR_ROLE, executors[i]);
        }

        _minDelay = minDelay;
        emit MinDelayChange(0, minDelay);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only by a certain role. In
     * addition to checking the sender's role, `address(0)` 's role is also
     * considered. Granting a role to `address(0)` is equivalent to enabling
     * this role for everyone.
     */
    modifier onlyRoleOrOpenRole(bytes32 role) {
        if (!hasRole(role, address(0))) {
            _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
        }
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Contract might receive/hold ETH as part of the maintenance process.
     */
    receive() external payable {}

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, AccessControl) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC1155Receiver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an id correspond to a registered operation. This
     * includes both Pending, Ready and Done operations.
     */
    function isOperation(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool registered) {
        return getTimestamp(id) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an operation is pending or not.
     */
    function isOperationPending(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool pending) {
        return getTimestamp(id) > _DONE_TIMESTAMP;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an operation is ready or not.
     */
    function isOperationReady(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool ready) {
        uint256 timestamp = getTimestamp(id);
        return timestamp > _DONE_TIMESTAMP && timestamp <= block.timestamp;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an operation is done or not.
     */
    function isOperationDone(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool done) {
        return getTimestamp(id) == _DONE_TIMESTAMP;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the timestamp at with an operation becomes ready (0 for
     * unset operations, 1 for done operations).
     */
    function getTimestamp(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (uint256 timestamp) {
        return _timestamps[id];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the minimum delay for an operation to become valid.
     *
     * This value can be changed by executing an operation that calls `updateDelay`.
     */
    function getMinDelay() public view virtual returns (uint256 duration) {
        return _minDelay;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the identifier of an operation containing a single
     * transaction.
     */
    function hashOperation(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public pure virtual returns (bytes32 hash) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(target, value, data, predecessor, salt));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the identifier of an operation containing a batch of
     * transactions.
     */
    function hashOperationBatch(
        address[] calldata targets,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes[] calldata payloads,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public pure virtual returns (bytes32 hash) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(targets, values, payloads, predecessor, salt));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Schedule an operation containing a single transaction.
     *
     * Emits a {CallScheduled} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'proposer' role.
     */
    function schedule(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt,
        uint256 delay
    ) public virtual onlyRole(PROPOSER_ROLE) {
        bytes32 id = hashOperation(target, value, data, predecessor, salt);
        _schedule(id, delay);
        emit CallScheduled(id, 0, target, value, data, predecessor, delay);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Schedule an operation containing a batch of transactions.
     *
     * Emits one {CallScheduled} event per transaction in the batch.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'proposer' role.
     */
    function scheduleBatch(
        address[] calldata targets,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes[] calldata payloads,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt,
        uint256 delay
    ) public virtual onlyRole(PROPOSER_ROLE) {
        require(targets.length == values.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");
        require(targets.length == payloads.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");

        bytes32 id = hashOperationBatch(targets, values, payloads, predecessor, salt);
        _schedule(id, delay);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < targets.length; ++i) {
            emit CallScheduled(id, i, targets[i], values[i], payloads[i], predecessor, delay);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Schedule an operation that is to becomes valid after a given delay.
     */
    function _schedule(bytes32 id, uint256 delay) private {
        require(!isOperation(id), "TimelockController: operation already scheduled");
        require(delay >= getMinDelay(), "TimelockController: insufficient delay");
        _timestamps[id] = block.timestamp + delay;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Cancel an operation.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'canceller' role.
     */
    function cancel(bytes32 id) public virtual onlyRole(CANCELLER_ROLE) {
        require(isOperationPending(id), "TimelockController: operation cannot be cancelled");
        delete _timestamps[id];

        emit Cancelled(id);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Execute an (ready) operation containing a single transaction.
     *
     * Emits a {CallExecuted} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'executor' role.
     */
    // This function can reenter, but it doesn't pose a risk because _afterCall checks that the proposal is pending,
    // thus any modifications to the operation during reentrancy should be caught.
    // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-eth
    function execute(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata payload,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public payable virtual onlyRoleOrOpenRole(EXECUTOR_ROLE) {
        bytes32 id = hashOperation(target, value, payload, predecessor, salt);

        _beforeCall(id, predecessor);
        _execute(target, value, payload);
        emit CallExecuted(id, 0, target, value, payload);
        _afterCall(id);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Execute an (ready) operation containing a batch of transactions.
     *
     * Emits one {CallExecuted} event per transaction in the batch.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'executor' role.
     */
    function executeBatch(
        address[] calldata targets,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes[] calldata payloads,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public payable virtual onlyRoleOrOpenRole(EXECUTOR_ROLE) {
        require(targets.length == values.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");
        require(targets.length == payloads.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");

        bytes32 id = hashOperationBatch(targets, values, payloads, predecessor, salt);

        _beforeCall(id, predecessor);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < targets.length; ++i) {
            address target = targets[i];
            uint256 value = values[i];
            bytes calldata payload = payloads[i];
            _execute(target, value, payload);
            emit CallExecuted(id, i, target, value, payload);
        }
        _afterCall(id);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Execute an operation's call.
     */
    function _execute(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) internal virtual {
        (bool success, ) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        require(success, "TimelockController: underlying transaction reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks before execution of an operation's calls.
     */
    function _beforeCall(bytes32 id, bytes32 predecessor) private view {
        require(isOperationReady(id), "TimelockController: operation is not ready");
        require(predecessor == bytes32(0) || isOperationDone(predecessor), "TimelockController: missing dependency");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks after execution of an operation's calls.
     */
    function _afterCall(bytes32 id) private {
        require(isOperationReady(id), "TimelockController: operation is not ready");
        _timestamps[id] = _DONE_TIMESTAMP;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the minimum timelock duration for future operations.
     *
     * Emits a {MinDelayChange} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be the timelock itself. This can only be achieved by scheduling and later executing
     * an operation where the timelock is the target and the data is the ABI-encoded call to this function.
     */
    function updateDelay(uint256 newDelay) external virtual {
        require(msg.sender == address(this), "TimelockController: caller must be timelock");
        emit MinDelayChange(_minDelay, newDelay);
        _minDelay = newDelay;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address,
        address,
        uint256,
        bytes memory
    ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC721Received.selector;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155Received}.
     */
    function onERC1155Received(
        address,
        address,
        uint256,
        uint256,
        bytes memory
    ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155Received.selector;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155BatchReceived}.
     */
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address,
        address,
        uint256[] memory,
        uint256[] memory,
        bytes memory
    ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/beacon/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;




/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 *
 * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
        address newBeacon,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/transparent/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
 *
 * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
 * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
 * things that go hand in hand:
 *
 * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
 * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
 * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
 * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
 * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
 *
 * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
 * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
 * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
 *
 * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
 * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
 */
contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
     * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
     */
    constructor(
        address _logic,
        address admin_,
        bytes memory _data
    ) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
        _changeAdmin(admin_);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
     */
    modifier ifAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            _;
        } else {
            _fallback();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyAdmin}.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address admin_) {
        admin_ = _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyImplementation}.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
     */
    function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address implementation_) {
        implementation_ = _implementation();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-changeProxyAdmin}.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external virtual ifAdmin {
        _changeAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgrade}.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin {
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, bytes(""), false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
     * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
     * proxied contract.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgradeAndCall}.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data) external payable ifAdmin {
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Makes sure the admin cannot access the fallback function. See {Proxy-_beforeFallback}.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual override {
        require(msg.sender != _getAdmin(), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
        super._beforeFallback();
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/transparent/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of a {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. For an
 * explanation of why you would want to use this see the documentation for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
 */
contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation of `proxy`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function getProxyImplementation(TransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy) public view virtual returns (address) {
        // We need to manually run the static call since the getter cannot be flagged as view
        // bytes4(keccak256("implementation()")) == 0x5c60da1b
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(proxy).staticcall(hex"5c60da1b");
        require(success);
        return abi.decode(returndata, (address));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin of `proxy`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function getProxyAdmin(TransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy) public view virtual returns (address) {
        // We need to manually run the static call since the getter cannot be flagged as view
        // bytes4(keccak256("admin()")) == 0xf851a440
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(proxy).staticcall(hex"f851a440");
        require(success);
        return abi.decode(returndata, (address));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of `proxy` to `newAdmin`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the current admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function changeProxyAdmin(TransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy, address newAdmin) public virtual onlyOwner {
        proxy.changeAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation`. See {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeTo}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function upgrade(TransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy, address implementation) public virtual onlyOwner {
        proxy.upgradeTo(implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation` and calls a function on the new implementation. See
     * {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function upgradeAndCall(
        TransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy,
        address implementation,
        bytes memory data
    ) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
        proxy.upgradeToAndCall{value: msg.value}(implementation, data);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/security/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;







/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner or approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _ownerOf(tokenId) != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not minted by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        unchecked {
            // Will not overflow unless all 2**256 token ids are minted to the same owner.
            // Given that tokens are minted one by one, it is impossible in practice that
            // this ever happens. Might change if we allow batch minting.
            // The ERC fails to describe this case.
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Update ownership in case tokenId was transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // Cannot overflow, as that would require more tokens to be burned/transferred
            // out than the owner initially received through minting and transferring in.
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // `_balances[from]` cannot overflow for the same reason as described in `_burn`:
            // `from`'s balance is the number of token held, which is at least one before the current
            // transfer.
            // `_balances[to]` could overflow in the conditions described in `_mint`. That would require
            // all 2**256 token ids to be minted, which in practice is impossible.
            _balances[from] -= 1;
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens will be transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256, /* firstTokenId */
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {
        if (batchSize > 1) {
            if (from != address(0)) {
                _balances[from] -= batchSize;
            }
            if (to != address(0)) {
                _balances[to] += batchSize;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens were transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens were minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens were burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {}
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Enumerable is ERC721, IERC721Enumerable {
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Enumerable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_beforeTokenTransfer}.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, firstTokenId, batchSize);

        if (batchSize > 1) {
            // Will only trigger during construction. Batch transferring (minting) is not available afterwards.
            revert("ERC721Enumerable: consecutive transfers not supported");
        }

        uint256 tokenId = firstTokenId;

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableSet.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableSet, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableSet.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastValue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastValue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastValue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastValue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        bytes32[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableMap.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing an enumerable variant of Solidity's
 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/types.html#mapping-types[`mapping`]
 * type.
 *
 * Maps have the following properties:
 *
 * - Entries are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Entries are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap private myMap;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * The following map types are supported:
 *
 * - `uint256 -> address` (`UintToAddressMap`) since v3.0.0
 * - `address -> uint256` (`AddressToUintMap`) since v4.6.0
 * - `bytes32 -> bytes32` (`Bytes32ToBytes32Map`) since v4.6.0
 * - `uint256 -> uint256` (`UintToUintMap`) since v4.7.0
 * - `bytes32 -> uint256` (`Bytes32ToUintMap`) since v4.7.0
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableMap, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableMap.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableMap {
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set;

    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Map type with
    // bytes32 keys and values.
    // The Map implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as Uint256ToAddressMap) are just wrappers around
    // the underlying Map.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableMaps for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Bytes32ToBytes32Map {
        // Storage of keys
        EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set _keys;
        mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) _values;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map,
        bytes32 key,
        bytes32 value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        map._values[key] = value;
        return map._keys.add(key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a key-value pair from a map. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal returns (bool) {
        delete map._values[key];
        return map._keys.remove(key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return map._keys.contains(key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of key-value pairs in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return map._keys.length();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the key-value pair stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of entries inside the
     * array, and it may change when more entries are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32, bytes32) {
        bytes32 key = map._keys.at(index);
        return (key, map._values[key]);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool, bytes32) {
        bytes32 value = map._values[key];
        if (value == bytes32(0)) {
            return (contains(map, key), bytes32(0));
        } else {
            return (true, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 value = map._values[key];
        require(value != 0 || contains(map, key), "EnumerableMap: nonexistent key");
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map,
        bytes32 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 value = map._values[key];
        require(value != 0 || contains(map, key), errorMessage);
        return value;
    }

    // UintToUintMap

    struct UintToUintMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(
        UintToUintMap storage map,
        uint256 key,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, bytes32(key), bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256, uint256) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (uint256(key), uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool, uint256) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(key));
        return (success, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        UintToUintMap storage map,
        uint256 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key), errorMessage));
    }

    // UintToAddressMap

    struct UintToAddressMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(
        UintToAddressMap storage map,
        uint256 key,
        address value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, bytes32(key), bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintToAddressMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256, address) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (uint256(key), address(uint160(uint256(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool, address) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(key));
        return (success, address(uint160(uint256(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key)))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        UintToAddressMap storage map,
        uint256 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key), errorMessage))));
    }

    // AddressToUintMap

    struct AddressToUintMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(
        AddressToUintMap storage map,
        address key,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))), bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressToUintMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (address, uint256) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (address(uint160(uint256(key))), uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal view returns (bool, uint256) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))));
        return (success, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key)))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        AddressToUintMap storage map,
        address key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))), errorMessage));
    }

    // Bytes32ToUintMap

    struct Bytes32ToUintMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(
        Bytes32ToUintMap storage map,
        bytes32 key,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, key, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32, uint256) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (key, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool, uint256) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, key);
        return (success, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        Bytes32ToUintMap storage map,
        bytes32 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, key, errorMessage));
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

interface IPostDispatchHook {
    enum Types {
        UNUSED,
        ROUTING,
        AGGREGATION,
        MERKLE_TREE,
        INTERCHAIN_GAS_PAYMASTER,
        FALLBACK_ROUTING,
        ID_AUTH_ISM,
        PAUSABLE,
        PROTOCOL_FEE
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an enum that represents the type of hook
     */
    function hookType() external view returns (uint8);

    /**
     * @notice Returns whether the hook supports metadata
     * @param metadata metadata
     * @return Whether the hook supports metadata
     */
    function supportsMetadata(bytes calldata metadata)
        external
        view
        returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice Post action after a message is dispatched via the Mailbox
     * @param metadata The metadata required for the hook
     * @param message The message passed from the Mailbox.dispatch() call
     */
    function postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        external
        payable;

    /**
     * @notice Compute the payment required by the postDispatch call
     * @param metadata The metadata required for the hook
     * @param message The message passed from the Mailbox.dispatch() call
     * @return Quoted payment for the postDispatch call
     */
    function quoteDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IInterchainSecurityModule {
    enum Types {
        UNUSED,
        ROUTING,
        AGGREGATION,
        LEGACY_MULTISIG,
        MERKLE_ROOT_MULTISIG,
        MESSAGE_ID_MULTISIG,
        NULL, // used with relayer carrying no metadata
        CCIP_READ
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an enum that represents the type of security model
     * encoded by this ISM.
     * @dev Relayers infer how to fetch and format metadata.
     */
    function moduleType() external view returns (uint8);

    /**
     * @notice Defines a security model responsible for verifying interchain
     * messages based on the provided metadata.
     * @param _metadata Off-chain metadata provided by a relayer, specific to
     * the security model encoded by the module (e.g. validator signatures)
     * @param _message Hyperlane encoded interchain message
     * @return True if the message was verified
     */
    function verify(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        external
        returns (bool);
}

interface ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule {
    function interchainSecurityModule()
        external
        view
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IMailbox.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;


interface IMailbox {
    // ============ Events ============
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new message is dispatched via Hyperlane
     * @param sender The address that dispatched the message
     * @param destination The destination domain of the message
     * @param recipient The message recipient address on `destination`
     * @param message Raw bytes of message
     */
    event Dispatch(
        address indexed sender,
        uint32 indexed destination,
        bytes32 indexed recipient,
        bytes message
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new message is dispatched via Hyperlane
     * @param messageId The unique message identifier
     */
    event DispatchId(bytes32 indexed messageId);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a Hyperlane message is processed
     * @param messageId The unique message identifier
     */
    event ProcessId(bytes32 indexed messageId);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a Hyperlane message is delivered
     * @param origin The origin domain of the message
     * @param sender The message sender address on `origin`
     * @param recipient The address that handled the message
     */
    event Process(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed sender,
        address indexed recipient
    );

    function localDomain() external view returns (uint32);

    function delivered(bytes32 messageId) external view returns (bool);

    function defaultIsm() external view returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);

    function defaultHook() external view returns (IPostDispatchHook);

    function latestDispatchedId() external view returns (bytes32);

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);

    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata body,
        bytes calldata defaultHookMetadata
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);

    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata defaultHookMetadata
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata body,
        bytes calldata customHookMetadata,
        IPostDispatchHook customHook
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);

    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata customHookMetadata,
        IPostDispatchHook customHook
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function process(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        external
        payable;

    function recipientIsm(address recipient)
        external
        view
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule module);
}


// File contracts/libs/TypeCasts.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

library TypeCasts {
    // alignment preserving cast
    function addressToBytes32(address _addr) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(uint256(uint160(_addr)));
    }

    // alignment preserving cast
    function bytes32ToAddress(bytes32 _buf) internal pure returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_buf)));
    }
}


// File contracts/libs/Message.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Hyperlane Message Library
 * @notice Library for formatted messages used by Mailbox
 **/
library Message {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    uint256 private constant VERSION_OFFSET = 0;
    uint256 private constant NONCE_OFFSET = 1;
    uint256 private constant ORIGIN_OFFSET = 5;
    uint256 private constant SENDER_OFFSET = 9;
    uint256 private constant DESTINATION_OFFSET = 41;
    uint256 private constant RECIPIENT_OFFSET = 45;
    uint256 private constant BODY_OFFSET = 77;

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) Hyperlane message with provided fields
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _version The version of the origin and destination Mailboxes
     * @param _nonce A nonce to uniquely identify the message on its origin chain
     * @param _originDomain Domain of origin chain
     * @param _sender Address of sender as bytes32
     * @param _destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param _recipient Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param _messageBody Raw bytes of message body
     * @return Formatted message
     */
    function formatMessage(
        uint8 _version,
        uint32 _nonce,
        uint32 _originDomain,
        bytes32 _sender,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                _version,
                _nonce,
                _originDomain,
                _sender,
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message ID.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return ID of `_message`
     */
    function id(bytes memory _message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(_message);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message version.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Version of `_message`
     */
    function version(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(bytes1(_message[VERSION_OFFSET:NONCE_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message nonce.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Nonce of `_message`
     */
    function nonce(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_message[NONCE_OFFSET:ORIGIN_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message origin domain.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Origin domain of `_message`
     */
    function origin(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_message[ORIGIN_OFFSET:SENDER_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message sender as bytes32.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Sender of `_message` as bytes32
     */
    function sender(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_message[SENDER_OFFSET:DESTINATION_OFFSET]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message sender as address.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Sender of `_message` as address
     */
    function senderAddress(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (address)
    {
        return sender(_message).bytes32ToAddress();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message destination domain.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Destination domain of `_message`
     */
    function destination(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint32)
    {
        return uint32(bytes4(_message[DESTINATION_OFFSET:RECIPIENT_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message recipient as bytes32.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Recipient of `_message` as bytes32
     */
    function recipient(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return bytes32(_message[RECIPIENT_OFFSET:BODY_OFFSET]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message recipient as address.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Recipient of `_message` as address
     */
    function recipientAddress(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (address)
    {
        return recipient(_message).bytes32ToAddress();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message body.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Body of `_message`
     */
    function body(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        return bytes(_message[BODY_OFFSET:]);
    }
}


// File contracts/client/MailboxClient.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============


abstract contract MailboxClient is OwnableUpgradeable {
    using Message for bytes;

    IMailbox public immutable mailbox;

    uint32 public immutable localDomain;

    IPostDispatchHook public hook;

    IInterchainSecurityModule public interchainSecurityModule;

    // ============ Modifiers ============
    modifier onlyContract(address _contract) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_contract),
            "MailboxClient: invalid mailbox"
        );
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyContractOrNull(address _contract) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_contract) || _contract == address(0),
            "MailboxClient: invalid contract setting"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Only accept messages from an Hyperlane Mailbox contract
     */
    modifier onlyMailbox() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(mailbox),
            "MailboxClient: sender not mailbox"
        );
        _;
    }

    constructor(address _mailbox) onlyContract(_mailbox) {
        mailbox = IMailbox(_mailbox);
        localDomain = mailbox.localDomain();
        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the address of the application's custom hook.
     * @param _hook The address of the hook contract.
     */
    function setHook(address _hook) public onlyContractOrNull(_hook) onlyOwner {
        hook = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the address of the application's custom interchain security module.
     * @param _module The address of the interchain security module contract.
     */
    function setInterchainSecurityModule(address _module)
        public
        onlyContractOrNull(_module)
        onlyOwner
    {
        interchainSecurityModule = IInterchainSecurityModule(_module);
    }

    // ======== Initializer =========
    function _MailboxClient_initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init();
        setHook(_hook);
        setInterchainSecurityModule(_interchainSecurityModule);
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    function _isLatestDispatched(bytes32 id) internal view returns (bool) {
        return mailbox.latestDispatchedId() == id;
    }

    function _metadata(
        uint32 /*_destinationDomain*/
    ) internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        return "";
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return
            _dispatch(_destinationDomain, _recipient, msg.value, _messageBody);
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return
            mailbox.dispatch{value: _value}(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody,
                _metadata(_destinationDomain),
                hook
            );
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return
            mailbox.quoteDispatch(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody,
                _metadata(_destinationDomain),
                hook
            );
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 *
 * [0:1] variant
 * [2:33] msg.value
 * [34:65] Gas limit for message (IGP)
 * [66:85] Refund address for message (IGP)
 * [86:] Custom metadata
 */
library StandardHookMetadata {
    uint8 private constant VARIANT_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 private constant MSG_VALUE_OFFSET = 2;
    uint8 private constant GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET = 34;
    uint8 private constant REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET = 66;
    uint256 private constant MIN_METADATA_LENGTH = 86;

    uint16 public constant VARIANT = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the variant of the metadata.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     * @return variant of the metadata as uint8.
     */
    function variant(bytes calldata _metadata) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        if (_metadata.length < VARIANT_OFFSET + 2) return 0;
        return uint16(bytes2(_metadata[VARIANT_OFFSET:VARIANT_OFFSET + 2]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified value for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     * @param _default Default fallback value.
     * @return Value for the message as uint256.
     */
    function msgValue(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _default)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        if (_metadata.length < MSG_VALUE_OFFSET + 32) return _default;
        return
            uint256(bytes32(_metadata[MSG_VALUE_OFFSET:MSG_VALUE_OFFSET + 32]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified gas limit for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     * @param _default Default fallback gas limit.
     * @return Gas limit for the message as uint256.
     */
    function gasLimit(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _default)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        if (_metadata.length < GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET + 32) return _default;
        return
            uint256(bytes32(_metadata[GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET:GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET + 32]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified refund address for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     * @param _default Default fallback refund address.
     * @return Refund address for the message as address.
     */
    function refundAddress(bytes calldata _metadata, address _default)
        internal
        pure
        returns (address)
    {
        if (_metadata.length < REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET + 20) return _default;
        return
            address(
                bytes20(
                    _metadata[REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET:REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET + 20]
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified refund address for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     * @return Refund address for the message as address.
     */
    function getCustomMetadata(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        if (_metadata.length < MIN_METADATA_LENGTH) return _metadata[0:0];
        return _metadata[MIN_METADATA_LENGTH:];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified gas limit and refund address into global hook metadata.
     * @param _msgValue msg.value for the message.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the message.
     * @param _refundAddress Refund address for the message.
     * @param _customMetadata Additional metadata to include in the global hook metadata.
     * @return ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     */
    function formatMetadata(
        uint256 _msgValue,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        address _refundAddress,
        bytes memory _customMetadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                VARIANT,
                _msgValue,
                _gasLimit,
                _refundAddress,
                _customMetadata
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified gas limit and refund address into global hook metadata.
     * @param _msgValue msg.value for the message.
     * @return ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     */
    function formatMetadata(uint256 _msgValue)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return formatMetadata(_msgValue, uint256(0), msg.sender, "");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified gas limit and refund address into global hook metadata.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the message.
     * @param _refundAddress Refund address for the message.
     * @return ABI encoded global hook metadata.
     */
    function formatMetadata(uint256 _gasLimit, address _refundAddress)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return formatMetadata(uint256(0), _gasLimit, _refundAddress, "");
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IMessageRecipient {
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable;
}


// File contracts/libs/EnumerableMapExtended.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ External Imports ============


// extends EnumerableMap with uint256 => bytes32 type
// modelled after https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v4.8.0/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol
library EnumerableMapExtended {
    using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.Bytes32ToBytes32Map;
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set;

    struct UintToBytes32Map {
        EnumerableMap.Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    // ============ Library Functions ============
    function keys(UintToBytes32Map storage map)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory _keys)
    {
        uint256 _length = map._inner.length();
        _keys = new uint256[](_length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _length; i++) {
            _keys[i] = uint256(map._inner._keys.at(i));
        }
    }

    function uint32Keys(UintToBytes32Map storage map)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint32[] memory _keys)
    {
        uint256[] memory uint256keys = keys(map);
        _keys = new uint32[](uint256keys.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < uint256keys.length; i++) {
            _keys[i] = uint32(uint256keys[i]);
        }
    }

    function set(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 key,
        bytes32 value
    ) internal {
        map._inner.set(bytes32(key), value);
    }

    function get(UintToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 key)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return map._inner.get(bytes32(key));
    }

    function tryGet(UintToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 key)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool, bytes32)
    {
        return map._inner.tryGet(bytes32(key));
    }

    function remove(UintToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 key)
        internal
        returns (bool)
    {
        return map._inner.remove(bytes32(key));
    }

    function contains(UintToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 key)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return map._inner.contains(bytes32(key));
    }

    function length(UintToBytes32Map storage map)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return map._inner.length();
    }

    function at(UintToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 index)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256, bytes32)
    {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = map._inner.at(index);
        return (uint256(key), value);
    }
}


// File contracts/client/Router.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ Internal Imports ============






// ============ External Imports ============

abstract contract Router is MailboxClient, IMessageRecipient {
    using EnumerableMapExtended for EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map;
    using Strings for uint32;

    // ============ Mutable Storage ============
    EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map internal _routers;

    uint256[48] private __GAP; // gap for upgrade safety

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    // ============ External functions ============
    function domains() external view returns (uint32[] memory) {
        return _routers.uint32Keys();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the Router contract for the given domain
     * @param _domain The remote domain ID.
     * @dev Returns 0 address if no router is enrolled for the given domain
     * @return router The address of the Router contract for the given domain
     */
    function routers(uint32 _domain) public view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        (, bytes32 _router) = _routers.tryGet(_domain);
        return _router;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unregister the domain
     * @param _domain The domain of the remote Application Router
     */
    function unenrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain) external virtual onlyOwner {
        _unenrollRemoteRouter(_domain);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Register the address of a Router contract for the same Application on a remote chain
     * @param _domain The domain of the remote Application Router
     * @param _router The address of the remote Application Router
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain, bytes32 _router)
        external
        virtual
        onlyOwner
    {
        _enrollRemoteRouter(_domain, _router);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Batch version of `enrollRemoteRouter`
     * @param _domains The domains of the remote Application Routers
     * @param _addresses The addresses of the remote Application Routers
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouters(
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        bytes32[] calldata _addresses
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        require(_domains.length == _addresses.length, "!length");
        uint256 length = _domains.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
            _enrollRemoteRouter(_domains[i], _addresses[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Batch version of `unenrollRemoteRouter`
     * @param _domains The domains of the remote Application Routers
     */
    function unenrollRemoteRouters(uint32[] calldata _domains)
        external
        virtual
        onlyOwner
    {
        uint256 length = _domains.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
            _unenrollRemoteRouter(_domains[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Handles an incoming message
     * @param _origin The origin domain
     * @param _sender The sender address
     * @param _message The message
     */
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable virtual override onlyMailbox {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_origin);
        require(_router == _sender, "Enrolled router does not match sender");
        _handle(_origin, _sender, _message);
    }

    // ============ Virtual functions ============
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal virtual;

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Set the router for a given domain
     * @param _domain The domain
     * @param _address The new router
     */
    function _enrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain, bytes32 _address)
        internal
        virtual
    {
        _routers.set(_domain, _address);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Remove the router for a given domain
     * @param _domain The domain
     */
    function _unenrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain) internal virtual {
        require(_routers.remove(_domain), _domainNotFoundError(_domain));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Return true if the given domain / router is the address of a remote Application Router
     * @param _domain The domain of the potential remote Application Router
     * @param _address The address of the potential remote Application Router
     */
    function _isRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain, bytes32 _address)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return routers(_domain) == _address;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Assert that the given domain has a Application Router registered and return its address
     * @param _domain The domain of the chain for which to get the Application Router
     * @return _router The address of the remote Application Router on _domain
     */
    function _mustHaveRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        (bool contained, bytes32 _router) = _routers.tryGet(_domain);
        require(contained, _domainNotFoundError(_domain));
        return _router;
    }

    function _domainNotFoundError(uint32 _domain)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return
            string.concat(
                "No router enrolled for domain: ",
                _domain.toString()
            );
    }

    function _dispatch(uint32 _destinationDomain, bytes memory _messageBody)
        internal
        virtual
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return _dispatch(_destinationDomain, msg.value, _messageBody);
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);
        return
            super._dispatch(_destinationDomain, _router, _value, _messageBody);
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);
        return super._quoteDispatch(_destinationDomain, _router, _messageBody);
    }
}


// File contracts/client/GasRouter.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;


abstract contract GasRouter is Router {
    // ============ Mutable Storage ============
    mapping(uint32 => uint256) public destinationGas;

    struct GasRouterConfig {
        uint32 domain;
        uint256 gas;
    }

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas amount dispatched for each configured domain.
     * @param gasConfigs The array of GasRouterConfig structs
     */
    function setDestinationGas(GasRouterConfig[] calldata gasConfigs)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < gasConfigs.length; i += 1) {
            _setDestinationGas(gasConfigs[i].domain, gasConfigs[i].gas);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas amount dispatched for each configured domain.
     * @param domain The destination domain ID
     * @param gas The gas limit
     */
    function setDestinationGas(uint32 domain, uint256 gas) external onlyOwner {
        _setDestinationGas(domain, gas);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the gas payment required to dispatch a message to the given domain's router.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the router.
     * @return _gasPayment Payment computed by the registered InterchainGasPaymaster.
     */
    function quoteGasPayment(uint32 _destinationDomain)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256 _gasPayment)
    {
        return _quoteDispatch(_destinationDomain, "");
    }

    function _refundAddress(uint32) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _metadata(uint32 _destination)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return
            StandardHookMetadata.formatMetadata(
                destinationGas[_destination],
                _refundAddress(_destination)
            );
    }

    function _setDestinationGas(uint32 domain, uint256 gas) internal {
        destinationGas[domain] = gas;
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============


/**
 * @title AbstractPostDispatch
 * @notice Abstract post dispatch hook supporting the current global hook metadata variant.
 */
abstract contract AbstractPostDispatchHook is IPostDispatchHook {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ External functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function supportsMetadata(bytes calldata metadata)
        public
        pure
        virtual
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return
            metadata.length == 0 ||
            metadata.variant() == StandardHookMetadata.VARIANT;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        external
        payable
        override
    {
        require(
            supportsMetadata(metadata),
            "AbstractPostDispatchHook: invalid metadata variant"
        );
        _postDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function quoteDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        require(
            supportsMetadata(metadata),
            "AbstractPostDispatchHook: invalid metadata variant"
        );
        return _quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Post dispatch hook implementation.
     * @param metadata The metadata of the message being dispatched.
     * @param message The message being dispatched.
     */
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        virtual;

    /**
     * @notice Quote dispatch hook implementation.
     * @param metadata The metadata of the message being dispatched.
     * @param message The message being dispatched.
     * @return The quote for the dispatch.
     */
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256);
}


// File contracts/libs/LibBit.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Library for bit shifting and masking
library LibBit {
    function setBit(uint256 _value, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _value | (1 << _index);
    }

    function clearBit(uint256 _value, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _value & ~(1 << _index);
    }

    function isBitSet(uint256 _value, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bool)
    {
        return (_value >> _index) & 1 == 1;
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/hook/AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============



// ============ External Imports ============



/**
 * @title AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm
 * @notice Uses external verfication options to verify interchain messages which need a authorized caller
 */
abstract contract AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm is
    IInterchainSecurityModule,
    Initializable
{
    using Address for address payable;
    using LibBit for uint256;
    using Message for bytes;
    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Maps messageId to whether or not the message has been verified
    /// first bit is boolean for verification
    /// rest of bits is the amount to send to the recipient
    /// @dev bc of the bit packing, we can only send up to 2^255 wei
    /// @dev the first bit is reserved for verification and the rest 255 bits are for the msg.value
    mapping(bytes32 => uint256) public verifiedMessages;
    /// @notice Index of verification bit in verifiedMessages
    uint256 public constant VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX = 255;
    /// @notice address for the authorized hook
    bytes32 public authorizedHook;

    // ============ Events ============

    /// @notice Emitted when a message is received from the external bridge
    event ReceivedMessage(bytes32 indexed messageId);

    // ============ Initializer ============

    function setAuthorizedHook(bytes32 _hook) external initializer {
        require(
            _hook != bytes32(0),
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm: invalid authorized hook"
        );
        authorizedHook = _hook;
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Verify a message was received by ISM.
     * @param message Message to verify.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata,
        /*_metadata*/
        bytes calldata message
    ) external returns (bool) {
        bytes32 messageId = message.id();

        // check for the first bit (used for verification)
        bool verified = verifiedMessages[messageId].isBitSet(
            VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX
        );
        // rest 255 bits contains the msg.value passed from the hook
        if (verified) {
            uint256 _msgValue = verifiedMessages[messageId].clearBit(
                VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX
            );
            if (_msgValue > 0) {
                verifiedMessages[messageId] -= _msgValue;
                payable(message.recipientAddress()).sendValue(_msgValue);
            }
        }
        return verified;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Receive a message from the AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
     * @dev Only callable by the authorized hook.
     * @param messageId Hyperlane Id of the message.
     */
    function verifyMessageId(bytes32 messageId) external payable virtual {
        require(
            _isAuthorized(),
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm: sender is not the hook"
        );
        require(
            msg.value < 2**VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm: msg.value must be less than 2^255"
        );

        verifiedMessages[messageId] = msg.value.setBit(VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX);
        emit ReceivedMessage(messageId);
    }

    function _isAuthorized() internal view virtual returns (bool);
}


// File contracts/hooks/libs/AbstractMessageIdAuthHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============







/**
 * @title AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform an Abstract Message ID ISM of messages published through
 * a third-party bridge.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMessageIdAuthHook is
    AbstractPostDispatchHook,
    MailboxClient
{
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // left-padded address for ISM to verify messages
    bytes32 public immutable ism;
    // Domain of chain on which the ISM is deployed
    uint32 public immutable destinationDomain;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {
        require(_ism != bytes32(0), "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: invalid ISM");
        require(
            _destinationDomain != 0,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: invalid destination domain"
        );
        ism = _ism;
        destinationDomain = _destinationDomain;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.ID_AUTH_ISM);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        override
    {
        bytes32 id = message.id();
        require(
            _isLatestDispatched(id),
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: message not latest dispatched"
        );
        require(
            message.destination() == destinationDomain,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: invalid destination domain"
        );
        bytes memory payload = abi.encodeCall(
            AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.verifyMessageId,
            id
        );
        _sendMessageId(metadata, payload);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Send a message to the ISM.
     * @param metadata The metadata for the hook caller
     * @param payload The payload for call to the ISM
     */
    function _sendMessageId(bytes calldata metadata, bytes memory payload)
        internal
        virtual;
}


// File contracts/interfaces/hooks/IMessageDispatcher.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-5164: Cross-Chain Execution Standard
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5164
 */
interface IMessageDispatcher {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a message has successfully been dispatched to the executor chain.
     * @param messageId ID uniquely identifying the message
     * @param from Address that dispatched the message
     * @param toChainId ID of the chain receiving the message
     * @param to Address that will receive the message
     * @param data Data that was dispatched
     */
    event MessageDispatched(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        address indexed from,
        uint256 indexed toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes data
    );

    function dispatchMessage(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes32);
}


// File contracts/hooks/aggregation/ERC5164Hook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============

/**
 * @title 5164MessageHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform the 5164 ISM of messages published through
 * any of the 5164 adapters.
 */
contract ERC5164Hook is AbstractMessageIdAuthHook {
    IMessageDispatcher public immutable dispatcher;

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _dispatcher
    ) AbstractMessageIdAuthHook(_mailbox, _destinationDomain, _ism) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_dispatcher),
            "ERC5164Hook: invalid dispatcher"
        );
        dispatcher = IMessageDispatcher(_dispatcher);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata, bytes calldata)
        internal
        pure
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return 0; // EIP-5164 doesn't enforce a gas abstraction
    }

    function _sendMessageId(
        bytes calldata,
        /* metadata */
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal override {
        require(msg.value == 0, "ERC5164Hook: no value allowed");
        dispatcher.dispatchMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(ism),
            payload
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/libs/MetaProxy.sol

pragma solidity >=0.7.6;

/// @dev Adapted from https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3448
library MetaProxy {
    bytes32 private constant PREFIX =
        hex"600b380380600b3d393df3363d3d373d3d3d3d60368038038091363936013d73";
    bytes13 private constant SUFFIX = hex"5af43d3d93803e603457fd5bf3";

    function bytecode(address _implementation, bytes memory _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                PREFIX,
                bytes20(_implementation),
                SUFFIX,
                _metadata,
                _metadata.length
            );
    }

    function metadata() internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory data;
        assembly {
            let posOfMetadataSize := sub(calldatasize(), 32)
            let size := calldataload(posOfMetadataSize)
            let dataPtr := sub(posOfMetadataSize, size)
            data := mload(64)
            // increment free memory pointer by metadata size + 32 bytes (length)
            mstore(64, add(data, add(size, 32)))
            mstore(data, size)
            let memPtr := add(data, 32)
            calldatacopy(memPtr, dataPtr, size)
        }
        return data;
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/aggregation/StaticAggregationHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/




contract StaticAggregationHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ External functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.AGGREGATION);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        override
    {
        address[] memory _hooks = hooks(message);
        uint256 count = _hooks.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            uint256 quote = IPostDispatchHook(_hooks[i]).quoteDispatch(
                metadata,
                message
            );

            IPostDispatchHook(_hooks[i]).postDispatch{value: quote}(
                metadata,
                message
            );
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        address[] memory _hooks = hooks(message);
        uint256 count = _hooks.length;
        uint256 total = 0;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            total += IPostDispatchHook(_hooks[i]).quoteDispatch(
                metadata,
                message
            );
        }
        return total;
    }

    function hooks(bytes calldata) public pure returns (address[] memory) {
        return abi.decode(MetaProxy.metadata(), (address[]));
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/[email protected]

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Create2.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Helper to make usage of the `CREATE2` EVM opcode easier and safer.
 * `CREATE2` can be used to compute in advance the address where a smart
 * contract will be deployed, which allows for interesting new mechanisms known
 * as 'counterfactual interactions'.
 *
 * See the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014#motivation[EIP] for more
 * information.
 */
library Create2 {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys a contract using `CREATE2`. The address where the contract
     * will be deployed can be known in advance via {computeAddress}.
     *
     * The bytecode for a contract can be obtained from Solidity with
     * `type(contractName).creationCode`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `bytecode` must not be empty.
     * - `salt` must have not been used for `bytecode` already.
     * - the factory must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - if `amount` is non-zero, `bytecode` must have a `payable` constructor.
     */
    function deploy(
        uint256 amount,
        bytes32 salt,
        bytes memory bytecode
    ) internal returns (address addr) {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Create2: insufficient balance");
        require(bytecode.length != 0, "Create2: bytecode length is zero");
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create2(amount, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode), salt)
        }
        require(addr != address(0), "Create2: Failed on deploy");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy}. Any change in the
     * `bytecodeHash` or `salt` will result in a new destination address.
     */
    function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash) internal view returns (address) {
        return computeAddress(salt, bytecodeHash, address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy} from a contract located at
     * `deployer`. If `deployer` is this contract's address, returns the same value as {computeAddress}.
     */
    function computeAddress(
        bytes32 salt,
        bytes32 bytecodeHash,
        address deployer
    ) internal pure returns (address addr) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40) // Get free memory pointer

            // |                   | ↓ ptr ...  ↓ ptr + 0x0B (start) ...  ↓ ptr + 0x20 ...  ↓ ptr + 0x40 ...   |
            // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | bytecodeHash      |                                                        CCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
            // | salt              |                                      BBBBBBBBBBBBB...BB                   |
            // | deployer          | 000000...0000AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AA                                     |
            // | 0xFF              |            FF                                                             |
            // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | memory            | 000000...00FFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AABBBBBBBBBBBBB...BBCCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
            // | keccak(start, 85) |            ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑ |

            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), bytecodeHash)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), salt)
            mstore(ptr, deployer) // Right-aligned with 12 preceding garbage bytes
            let start := add(ptr, 0x0b) // The hashed data starts at the final garbage byte which we will set to 0xff
            mstore8(start, 0xff)
            addr := keccak256(start, 85)
        }
    }
}


// File contracts/libs/StaticAddressSetFactory.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ External Imports ============


// ============ Internal Imports ============

abstract contract StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    // ============ Immutables ============
    address public immutable implementation;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor() {
        implementation = _deployImplementation();
    }

    function _deployImplementation() internal virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Deploys a StaticThresholdAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @param _threshold The threshold value to use
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticThresholdAddressSet
     */
    function deploy(address[] calldata _values, uint8 _threshold)
        public
        returns (address)
    {
        (bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode) = _saltAndBytecode(
            _values,
            _threshold
        );
        address _set = _getAddress(_salt, _bytecode);
        if (!Address.isContract(_set)) {
            _set = Create2.deploy(0, _salt, _bytecode);
        }
        return _set;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the StaticThresholdAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @param _threshold The threshold value to use
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticThresholdAddressSet
     */
    function getAddress(address[] calldata _values, uint8 _threshold)
        external
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        (bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode) = _saltAndBytecode(
            _values,
            _threshold
        );
        return _getAddress(_salt, _bytecode);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the StaticThresholdAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @param _salt The salt used in Create2
     * @param _bytecode The metaproxy bytecode used in Create2
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticThresholdAddressSet
     */
    function _getAddress(bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode)
        internal
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash = keccak256(_bytecode);
        return Create2.computeAddress(_salt, _bytecodeHash);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the create2 salt and bytecode for the given values
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @param _threshold The threshold value to use
     * @return _salt The salt used in Create2
     * @return _bytecode The metaproxy bytecode used in Create2
     */
    function _saltAndBytecode(address[] calldata _values, uint8 _threshold)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32, bytes memory)
    {
        bytes memory _metadata = abi.encode(_values, _threshold);
        bytes memory _bytecode = MetaProxy.bytecode(implementation, _metadata);
        bytes32 _salt = keccak256(_metadata);
        return (_salt, _bytecode);
    }
}

abstract contract StaticAddressSetFactory is StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    /**
     * @notice Deploys a StaticAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticAddressSet
     */
    function deploy(address[] calldata _values) external returns (address) {
        return super.deploy(_values, uint8(_values.length));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the StaticAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticAddressSet
     */
    function getAddress(address[] calldata _values)
        external
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        (bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode) = _saltAndBytecode(
            _values,
            uint8(_values.length)
        );
        return super._getAddress(_salt, _bytecode);
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/aggregation/StaticAggregationHookFactory.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============


contract StaticAggregationHookFactory is StaticAddressSetFactory {
    function _deployImplementation()
        internal
        virtual
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        return address(new StaticAggregationHook());
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IGasOracle.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IGasOracle {
    struct RemoteGasData {
        // The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
        // Scaled with 10 decimals, i.e. 1e10 is "one".
        uint128 tokenExchangeRate;
        uint128 gasPrice;
    }

    function getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(uint32 _destinationDomain)
        external
        view
        returns (uint128 tokenExchangeRate, uint128 gasPrice);
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IInterchainGasPaymaster.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/**
 * @title IInterchainGasPaymaster
 * @notice Manages payments on a source chain to cover gas costs of relaying
 * messages to destination chains.
 */
interface IInterchainGasPaymaster {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a payment is made for a message's gas costs.
     * @param messageId The ID of the message to pay for.
     * @param destinationDomain The domain of the destination chain.
     * @param gasAmount The amount of destination gas paid for.
     * @param payment The amount of native tokens paid.
     */
    event GasPayment(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        uint32 indexed destinationDomain,
        uint256 gasAmount,
        uint256 payment
    );

    function payForGas(
        bytes32 _messageId,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasAmount,
        address _refundAddress
    ) external payable;

    function quoteGasPayment(uint32 _destinationDomain, uint256 _gasAmount)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);
}


// File contracts/libs/Indexed.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

contract Indexed {
    uint256 public immutable deployedBlock;

    constructor() {
        deployedBlock = block.number;
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/igp/InterchainGasPaymaster.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============







// ============ External Imports ============



/**
 * @title InterchainGasPaymaster
 * @notice Manages payments on a source chain to cover gas costs of relaying
 * messages to destination chains and includes the gas overhead per destination
 * @dev The intended use of this contract is to store overhead gas amounts for destination
 * domains, e.g. Mailbox and ISM gas usage, such that users of this IGP are only required
 * to specify the gas amount used by their own applications.
 */
contract InterchainGasPaymaster is
    IInterchainGasPaymaster,
    AbstractPostDispatchHook,
    IGasOracle,
    Indexed,
    OwnableUpgradeable
{
    using Address for address payable;
    using Message for bytes;
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    // ============ Constants ============

    /// @notice The scale of gas oracle token exchange rates.
    uint256 internal constant TOKEN_EXCHANGE_RATE_SCALE = 1e10;
    /// @notice default for user call if metadata not provided
    uint256 internal immutable DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE = 50_000;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Destination domain => gas oracle and overhead gas amount.
    mapping(uint32 => DomainGasConfig) public destinationGasConfigs;

    /// @notice The benficiary that can receive native tokens paid into this contract.
    address public beneficiary;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the gas oracle for a remote domain is set.
     * @param remoteDomain The remote domain.
     * @param gasOracle The gas oracle.
     * @param gasOverhead The destination gas overhead.
     */
    event DestinationGasConfigSet(
        uint32 remoteDomain,
        address gasOracle,
        uint96 gasOverhead
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the beneficiary is set.
     * @param beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    event BeneficiarySet(address beneficiary);

    struct DomainGasConfig {
        IGasOracle gasOracle;
        uint96 gasOverhead;
    }

    struct GasParam {
        uint32 remoteDomain;
        DomainGasConfig config;
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.INTERCHAIN_GAS_PAYMASTER);
    }

    /**
     * @param _owner The owner of the contract.
     * @param _beneficiary The beneficiary.
     */
    function initialize(address _owner, address _beneficiary)
        public
        initializer
    {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers the entire native token balance to the beneficiary.
     * @dev The beneficiary must be able to receive native tokens.
     */
    function claim() external {
        // Transfer the entire balance to the beneficiary.
        (bool success, ) = beneficiary.call{value: address(this).balance}("");
        require(success, "IGP: claim failed");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas oracles for remote domains specified in the config array.
     * @param _configs An array of configs including the remote domain and gas oracles to set.
     */
    function setDestinationGasConfigs(GasParam[] calldata _configs)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        uint256 _len = _configs.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
            _setDestinationGasConfig(
                _configs[i].remoteDomain,
                _configs[i].config.gasOracle,
                _configs[i].config.gasOverhead
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Deposits msg.value as a payment for the relaying of a message
     * to its destination chain.
     * @dev Overpayment will result in a refund of native tokens to the _refundAddress.
     * Callers should be aware that this may present reentrancy issues.
     * @param _messageId The ID of the message to pay for.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the message's destination chain.
     * @param _gasLimit The amount of destination gas to pay for.
     * @param _refundAddress The address to refund any overpayment to.
     */
    function payForGas(
        bytes32 _messageId,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        address _refundAddress
    ) public payable override {
        uint256 _requiredPayment = quoteGasPayment(
            _destinationDomain,
            _gasLimit
        );
        require(
            msg.value >= _requiredPayment,
            "IGP: insufficient interchain gas payment"
        );
        uint256 _overpayment = msg.value - _requiredPayment;
        if (_overpayment > 0) {
            require(_refundAddress != address(0), "no refund address");
            payable(_refundAddress).sendValue(_overpayment);
        }

        emit GasPayment(
            _messageId,
            _destinationDomain,
            _gasLimit,
            _requiredPayment
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Quotes the amount of native tokens to pay for interchain gas.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the message's destination chain.
     * @param _gasLimit The amount of destination gas to pay for.
     * @return The amount of native tokens required to pay for interchain gas.
     */
    function quoteGasPayment(uint32 _destinationDomain, uint256 _gasLimit)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        // Get the gas data for the destination domain.
        (
            uint128 _tokenExchangeRate,
            uint128 _gasPrice
        ) = getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(_destinationDomain);

        // The total cost quoted in destination chain's native token.
        uint256 _destinationGasCost = _gasLimit * uint256(_gasPrice);

        // Convert to the local native token.
        return
            (_destinationGasCost * _tokenExchangeRate) /
            TOKEN_EXCHANGE_RATE_SCALE;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the token exchange rate and gas price from the configured gas oracle
     * for a given destination domain.
     * @param _destinationDomain The destination domain.
     * @return tokenExchangeRate The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
     * @return gasPrice The gas price on the remote chain.
     */
    function getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(uint32 _destinationDomain)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (uint128 tokenExchangeRate, uint128 gasPrice)
    {
        IGasOracle _gasOracle = destinationGasConfigs[_destinationDomain]
            .gasOracle;

        require(
            address(_gasOracle) != address(0),
            string.concat(
                "Configured IGP doesn't support domain ",
                Strings.toString(_destinationDomain)
            )
        );

        return _gasOracle.getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(_destinationDomain);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the stored destinationGasOverhead added to the _gasLimit.
     * @dev If there is no stored destinationGasOverhead, 0 is used. This is useful in the case
     *      the ISM deployer wants to subsidize the overhead gas cost. Then, can specify the gas oracle
     *      they want to use with the destination domain, but set the overhead to 0.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the message's destination chain.
     * @param _gasLimit The amount of destination gas to pay for. This is only for application gas usage as
     *      the gas usage for the mailbox and the ISM is already accounted in the DomainGasConfig.gasOverhead
     */
    function destinationGasLimit(uint32 _destinationDomain, uint256 _gasLimit)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return
            uint256(destinationGasConfigs[_destinationDomain].gasOverhead) +
            _gasLimit;
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        override
    {
        payForGas(
            message.id(),
            message.destination(),
            destinationGasLimit(
                message.destination(),
                metadata.gasLimit(DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE)
            ),
            metadata.refundAddress(message.senderAddress())
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return
            quoteGasPayment(
                message.destination(),
                destinationGasLimit(
                    message.destination(),
                    metadata.gasLimit(DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE)
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function _setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) internal {
        beneficiary = _beneficiary;
        emit BeneficiarySet(_beneficiary);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas oracle and destination gas overhead for a remote domain.
     * @param _remoteDomain The remote domain.
     * @param _gasOracle The gas oracle.
     * @param _gasOverhead The destination gas overhead.
     */
    function _setDestinationGasConfig(
        uint32 _remoteDomain,
        IGasOracle _gasOracle,
        uint96 _gasOverhead
    ) internal {
        destinationGasConfigs[_remoteDomain] = DomainGasConfig(
            _gasOracle,
            _gasOverhead
        );
        emit DestinationGasConfigSet(
            _remoteDomain,
            address(_gasOracle),
            _gasOverhead
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/igp/StorageGasOracle.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============

// ============ External Imports ============

/**
 * @notice A gas oracle that uses data stored within the contract.
 * @dev This contract is intended to be owned by an address that will
 * update the stored remote gas data.
 */
contract StorageGasOracle is IGasOracle, Ownable {
    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Keyed by remote domain, gas data on that remote domain.
    mapping(uint32 => IGasOracle.RemoteGasData) public remoteGasData;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an entry in `remoteGasData` is set.
     * @param remoteDomain The remote domain in which the gas data was set for.
     * @param tokenExchangeRate The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
     * @param gasPrice The gas price on the remote chain.
     */
    event RemoteGasDataSet(
        uint32 indexed remoteDomain,
        uint128 tokenExchangeRate,
        uint128 gasPrice
    );

    struct RemoteGasDataConfig {
        uint32 remoteDomain;
        uint128 tokenExchangeRate;
        uint128 gasPrice;
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns the stored `remoteGasData` for the `_destinationDomain`.
     * @param _destinationDomain The destination domain.
     * @return tokenExchangeRate The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
     * @return gasPrice The gas price on the remote chain.
     */
    function getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(uint32 _destinationDomain)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (uint128 tokenExchangeRate, uint128 gasPrice)
    {
        // Intentionally allow unset / zero values
        IGasOracle.RemoteGasData memory _data = remoteGasData[
            _destinationDomain
        ];
        return (_data.tokenExchangeRate, _data.gasPrice);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the remote gas data for many remotes at a time.
     * @param _configs The configs to use when setting the remote gas data.
     */
    function setRemoteGasDataConfigs(RemoteGasDataConfig[] calldata _configs)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        uint256 _len = _configs.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
            _setRemoteGasData(_configs[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the remote gas data using the values in `_config`.
     * @param _config The config to use when setting the remote gas data.
     */
    function setRemoteGasData(RemoteGasDataConfig calldata _config)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        _setRemoteGasData(_config);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Sets the remote gas data using the values in `_config`.
     * @param _config The config to use when setting the remote gas data.
     */
    function _setRemoteGasData(RemoteGasDataConfig calldata _config) internal {
        remoteGasData[_config.remoteDomain] = IGasOracle.RemoteGasData({
            tokenExchangeRate: _config.tokenExchangeRate,
            gasPrice: _config.gasPrice
        });

        emit RemoteGasDataSet(
            _config.remoteDomain,
            _config.tokenExchangeRate,
            _config.gasPrice
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/libs/Merkle.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// work based on eth2 deposit contract, which is used under CC0-1.0

/**
 * @title MerkleLib
 * @author Celo Labs Inc.
 * @notice An incremental merkle tree modeled on the eth2 deposit contract.
 **/
library MerkleLib {
    uint256 internal constant TREE_DEPTH = 32;
    uint256 internal constant MAX_LEAVES = 2**TREE_DEPTH - 1;

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing incremental merkle tree. Contains current
     * branch and the number of inserted leaves in the tree.
     **/
    struct Tree {
        bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] branch;
        uint256 count;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Inserts `_node` into merkle tree
     * @dev Reverts if tree is full
     * @param _node Element to insert into tree
     **/
    function insert(Tree storage _tree, bytes32 _node) internal {
        require(_tree.count < MAX_LEAVES, "merkle tree full");

        _tree.count += 1;
        uint256 size = _tree.count;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < TREE_DEPTH; i++) {
            if ((size & 1) == 1) {
                _tree.branch[i] = _node;
                return;
            }
            _node = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_tree.branch[i], _node));
            size /= 2;
        }
        // As the loop should always end prematurely with the `return` statement,
        // this code should be unreachable. We assert `false` just to be safe.
        assert(false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates and returns`_tree`'s current root given array of zero
     * hashes
     * @param _zeroes Array of zero hashes
     * @return _current Calculated root of `_tree`
     **/
    function rootWithCtx(Tree storage _tree, bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] memory _zeroes)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32 _current)
    {
        uint256 _index = _tree.count;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < TREE_DEPTH; i++) {
            uint256 _ithBit = (_index >> i) & 0x01;
            bytes32 _next = _tree.branch[i];
            if (_ithBit == 1) {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_next, _current));
            } else {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_current, _zeroes[i]));
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates and returns`_tree`'s current root
    function root(Tree storage _tree) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return rootWithCtx(_tree, zeroHashes());
    }

    /// @notice Returns array of TREE_DEPTH zero hashes
    /// @return _zeroes Array of TREE_DEPTH zero hashes
    function zeroHashes()
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] memory _zeroes)
    {
        _zeroes[0] = Z_0;
        _zeroes[1] = Z_1;
        _zeroes[2] = Z_2;
        _zeroes[3] = Z_3;
        _zeroes[4] = Z_4;
        _zeroes[5] = Z_5;
        _zeroes[6] = Z_6;
        _zeroes[7] = Z_7;
        _zeroes[8] = Z_8;
        _zeroes[9] = Z_9;
        _zeroes[10] = Z_10;
        _zeroes[11] = Z_11;
        _zeroes[12] = Z_12;
        _zeroes[13] = Z_13;
        _zeroes[14] = Z_14;
        _zeroes[15] = Z_15;
        _zeroes[16] = Z_16;
        _zeroes[17] = Z_17;
        _zeroes[18] = Z_18;
        _zeroes[19] = Z_19;
        _zeroes[20] = Z_20;
        _zeroes[21] = Z_21;
        _zeroes[22] = Z_22;
        _zeroes[23] = Z_23;
        _zeroes[24] = Z_24;
        _zeroes[25] = Z_25;
        _zeroes[26] = Z_26;
        _zeroes[27] = Z_27;
        _zeroes[28] = Z_28;
        _zeroes[29] = Z_29;
        _zeroes[30] = Z_30;
        _zeroes[31] = Z_31;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates and returns the merkle root for the given leaf
     * `_item`, a merkle branch, and the index of `_item` in the tree.
     * @param _item Merkle leaf
     * @param _branch Merkle proof
     * @param _index Index of `_item` in tree
     * @return _current Calculated merkle root
     **/
    function branchRoot(
        bytes32 _item,
        bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] memory _branch, // cheaper than calldata indexing
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 _current) {
        _current = _item;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < TREE_DEPTH; i++) {
            uint256 _ithBit = (_index >> i) & 0x01;
            // cheaper than calldata indexing _branch[i*32:(i+1)*32];
            bytes32 _next = _branch[i];
            if (_ithBit == 1) {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_next, _current));
            } else {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_current, _next));
            }
        }
    }

    // keccak256 zero hashes
    bytes32 internal constant Z_0 =
        hex"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_1 =
        hex"ad3228b676f7d3cd4284a5443f17f1962b36e491b30a40b2405849e597ba5fb5";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_2 =
        hex"b4c11951957c6f8f642c4af61cd6b24640fec6dc7fc607ee8206a99e92410d30";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_3 =
        hex"21ddb9a356815c3fac1026b6dec5df3124afbadb485c9ba5a3e3398a04b7ba85";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_4 =
        hex"e58769b32a1beaf1ea27375a44095a0d1fb664ce2dd358e7fcbfb78c26a19344";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_5 =
        hex"0eb01ebfc9ed27500cd4dfc979272d1f0913cc9f66540d7e8005811109e1cf2d";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_6 =
        hex"887c22bd8750d34016ac3c66b5ff102dacdd73f6b014e710b51e8022af9a1968";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_7 =
        hex"ffd70157e48063fc33c97a050f7f640233bf646cc98d9524c6b92bcf3ab56f83";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_8 =
        hex"9867cc5f7f196b93bae1e27e6320742445d290f2263827498b54fec539f756af";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_9 =
        hex"cefad4e508c098b9a7e1d8feb19955fb02ba9675585078710969d3440f5054e0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_10 =
        hex"f9dc3e7fe016e050eff260334f18a5d4fe391d82092319f5964f2e2eb7c1c3a5";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_11 =
        hex"f8b13a49e282f609c317a833fb8d976d11517c571d1221a265d25af778ecf892";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_12 =
        hex"3490c6ceeb450aecdc82e28293031d10c7d73bf85e57bf041a97360aa2c5d99c";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_13 =
        hex"c1df82d9c4b87413eae2ef048f94b4d3554cea73d92b0f7af96e0271c691e2bb";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_14 =
        hex"5c67add7c6caf302256adedf7ab114da0acfe870d449a3a489f781d659e8becc";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_15 =
        hex"da7bce9f4e8618b6bd2f4132ce798cdc7a60e7e1460a7299e3c6342a579626d2";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_16 =
        hex"2733e50f526ec2fa19a22b31e8ed50f23cd1fdf94c9154ed3a7609a2f1ff981f";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_17 =
        hex"e1d3b5c807b281e4683cc6d6315cf95b9ade8641defcb32372f1c126e398ef7a";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_18 =
        hex"5a2dce0a8a7f68bb74560f8f71837c2c2ebbcbf7fffb42ae1896f13f7c7479a0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_19 =
        hex"b46a28b6f55540f89444f63de0378e3d121be09e06cc9ded1c20e65876d36aa0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_20 =
        hex"c65e9645644786b620e2dd2ad648ddfcbf4a7e5b1a3a4ecfe7f64667a3f0b7e2";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_21 =
        hex"f4418588ed35a2458cffeb39b93d26f18d2ab13bdce6aee58e7b99359ec2dfd9";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_22 =
        hex"5a9c16dc00d6ef18b7933a6f8dc65ccb55667138776f7dea101070dc8796e377";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_23 =
        hex"4df84f40ae0c8229d0d6069e5c8f39a7c299677a09d367fc7b05e3bc380ee652";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_24 =
        hex"cdc72595f74c7b1043d0e1ffbab734648c838dfb0527d971b602bc216c9619ef";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_25 =
        hex"0abf5ac974a1ed57f4050aa510dd9c74f508277b39d7973bb2dfccc5eeb0618d";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_26 =
        hex"b8cd74046ff337f0a7bf2c8e03e10f642c1886798d71806ab1e888d9e5ee87d0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_27 =
        hex"838c5655cb21c6cb83313b5a631175dff4963772cce9108188b34ac87c81c41e";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_28 =
        hex"662ee4dd2dd7b2bc707961b1e646c4047669dcb6584f0d8d770daf5d7e7deb2e";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_29 =
        hex"388ab20e2573d171a88108e79d820e98f26c0b84aa8b2f4aa4968dbb818ea322";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_30 =
        hex"93237c50ba75ee485f4c22adf2f741400bdf8d6a9cc7df7ecae576221665d735";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_31 =
        hex"8448818bb4ae4562849e949e17ac16e0be16688e156b5cf15e098c627c0056a9";
}


// File contracts/hooks/MerkleTreeHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/







contract MerkleTreeHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, MailboxClient, Indexed {
    using Message for bytes;
    using MerkleLib for MerkleLib.Tree;
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // An incremental merkle tree used to store outbound message IDs.
    MerkleLib.Tree internal _tree;

    event InsertedIntoTree(bytes32 messageId, uint32 index);

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    // count cannot exceed 2**TREE_DEPTH, see MerkleLib.sol
    function count() public view returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(_tree.count);
    }

    function root() public view returns (bytes32) {
        return _tree.root();
    }

    function tree() public view returns (MerkleLib.Tree memory) {
        return _tree;
    }

    function latestCheckpoint() external view returns (bytes32, uint32) {
        return (root(), count() - 1);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.MERKLE_TREE);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        /*metadata*/
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        require(msg.value == 0, "MerkleTreeHook: no value expected");

        // ensure messages which were not dispatched are not inserted into the tree
        bytes32 id = message.id();
        require(_isLatestDispatched(id), "message not dispatching");

        uint32 index = count();
        _tree.insert(id);
        emit InsertedIntoTree(id, index);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        /*metadata*/
        bytes calldata /*message*/
    ) internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/optimism/ICrossDomainMessenger.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ICrossDomainMessenger interface for bedrock update
 * @dev eth-optimism's version uses strict 0.8.15 which we don't want to restrict to
 */
interface ICrossDomainMessenger {
    /**
     * Sends a cross domain message to the target messenger.
     * @param _target Target contract address.
     * @param _message Message to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the provided message.
     */
    function sendMessage(
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _message,
        uint32 _gasLimit
    ) external payable;

    function relayMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable;

    /*************
     * Variables *
     *************/

    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address);
}

interface IL2CrossDomainMessenger is ICrossDomainMessenger {
    function messageNonce() external view returns (uint256);
}


// File contracts/hooks/OPStackHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============





// ============ External Imports ============


/**
 * @title OPStackHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform the OPStackIsm of messages published through
 * the native OPStack bridge.
 * @notice This works only for L1 -> L2 messages.
 */
contract OPStackHook is AbstractMessageIdAuthHook {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    /// @notice messenger contract specified by the rollup
    ICrossDomainMessenger public immutable l1Messenger;

    // Gas limit for sending messages to L2
    // First 1.92e6 gas is provided by Optimism, see more here:
    // https://community.optimism.io/docs/developers/bridge/messaging/#for-l1-%E2%87%92-l2-transactions
    uint32 internal constant GAS_LIMIT = 1_920_000;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _l1Messenger
    ) AbstractMessageIdAuthHook(_mailbox, _destinationDomain, _ism) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_l1Messenger),
            "OPStackHook: invalid messenger"
        );
        l1Messenger = ICrossDomainMessenger(_l1Messenger);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata, bytes calldata)
        internal
        pure
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return 0; // gas subsidized by the L2
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
    function _sendMessageId(bytes calldata metadata, bytes memory payload)
        internal
        override
    {
        require(
            metadata.msgValue(0) < 2**255,
            "OPStackHook: msgValue must be less than 2 ** 255"
        );
        l1Messenger.sendMessage{value: metadata.msgValue(0)}(
            TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(ism),
            payload,
            GAS_LIMIT
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/PausableHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/




contract PausableHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, Ownable, Pausable {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ External functions ============

    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.PAUSABLE);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        override
        whenNotPaused
    {}

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata, bytes calldata)
        internal
        pure
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return 0;
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/routing/DomainRoutingHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============





// ============ External Imports ============

/**
 * @title DomainRoutingHook
 * @notice Delegates to a hook based on the destination domain of the message.
 */
contract DomainRoutingHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, MailboxClient {
    using Strings for uint32;
    using Message for bytes;

    struct HookConfig {
        uint32 destination;
        address hook;
    }

    mapping(uint32 => IPostDispatchHook) public hooks;

    constructor(address _mailbox, address _owner) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.ROUTING);
    }

    function setHook(uint32 _destination, address _hook) public onlyOwner {
        hooks[_destination] = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
    }

    function setHooks(HookConfig[] calldata configs) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < configs.length; i++) {
            setHook(configs[i].destination, configs[i].hook);
        }
    }

    function supportsMetadata(bytes calldata)
        public
        pure
        virtual
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        // routing hook does not care about metadata shape
        return true;
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        virtual
        override
    {
        _getConfiguredHook(message).postDispatch{value: msg.value}(
            metadata,
            message
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _getConfiguredHook(message).quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    function _getConfiguredHook(bytes calldata message)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (IPostDispatchHook hook)
    {
        hook = hooks[message.destination()];
        require(
            address(hook) != address(0),
            string.concat(
                "No hook configured for destination: ",
                message.destination().toString()
            )
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/routing/DestinationRecipientRoutingHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/



contract DestinationRecipientRoutingHook is DomainRoutingHook {
    using Message for bytes;

    /// @notice destination => recipient =>custom hook
    mapping(uint32 => mapping(bytes32 => address)) public customHooks;

    constructor(address mailbox, address owner)
        DomainRoutingHook(mailbox, owner)
    {}

    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        override
    {
        address customHookPreset = customHooks[message.destination()][
            message.recipient()
        ];
        if (customHookPreset != address(0)) {
            IPostDispatchHook(customHookPreset).postDispatch{value: msg.value}(
                metadata,
                message
            );
        } else {
            super._postDispatch(metadata, message);
        }
    }

    function configCustomHook(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipient,
        address hook
    ) external onlyOwner {
        customHooks[destinationDomain][recipient] = hook;
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/routing/FallbackDomainRoutingHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/




/**
 * @title FallbackDomainRoutingHook
 * @notice Delegates to a hook based on the destination domain of the message.
 * If no hook is configured for the destination domain, delegates to a fallback hook.
 */
contract FallbackDomainRoutingHook is DomainRoutingHook {
    using Message for bytes;

    IPostDispatchHook public immutable fallbackHook;

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        address _owner,
        address _fallback
    ) DomainRoutingHook(_mailbox, _owner) {
        fallbackHook = IPostDispatchHook(_fallback);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.FALLBACK_ROUTING);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    function _getConfiguredHook(bytes calldata message)
        internal
        view
        override
        returns (IPostDispatchHook)
    {
        IPostDispatchHook _hook = hooks[message.destination()];
        if (address(_hook) == address(0)) {
            _hook = fallbackHook;
        }
        return _hook;
    }
}


// File contracts/hooks/StaticProtocolFee.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============


/**
 * @title StaticProtocolFee
 * @notice Collects a static protocol fee from the sender.
 */
contract StaticProtocolFee is AbstractPostDispatchHook, Ownable {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    using Address for address payable;
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    /// @notice The maximum protocol fee that can be set.
    uint256 public immutable MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice The current protocol fee.
    uint256 public protocolFee;
    /// @notice The beneficiary of protocol fees.
    address public beneficiary;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        uint256 _maxProtocolFee,
        uint256 _protocolFee,
        address _beneficiary,
        address _owner
    ) {
        MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE = _maxProtocolFee;
        _setProtocolFee(_protocolFee);
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.PROTOCOL_FEE);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the protocol fee.
     * @param _protocolFee The new protocol fee.
     */
    function setProtocolFee(uint256 _protocolFee) external onlyOwner {
        _setProtocolFee(_protocolFee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary of protocol fees.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Collects protocol fees from the contract.
     */
    function collectProtocolFees() external {
        payable(beneficiary).sendValue(address(this).balance);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(bytes calldata metadata, bytes calldata message)
        internal
        override
    {
        require(
            msg.value >= protocolFee,
            "StaticProtocolFee: insufficient protocol fee"
        );

        uint256 refund = msg.value - protocolFee;
        if (refund > 0) {
            payable(metadata.refundAddress(message.senderAddress())).sendValue(
                refund
            );
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(bytes calldata, bytes calldata)
        internal
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return protocolFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the protocol fee.
     * @param _protocolFee The new protocol fee.
     */
    function _setProtocolFee(uint256 _protocolFee) internal {
        require(
            _protocolFee <= MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE,
            "StaticProtocolFee: exceeds max protocol fee"
        );
        protocolFee = _protocolFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary of protocol fees.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function _setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) internal {
        require(
            _beneficiary != address(0),
            "StaticProtocolFee: invalid beneficiary"
        );
        beneficiary = _beneficiary;
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/isms/IAggregationIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IAggregationIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of modules responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of modules that must verify
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return modules The array of ISM addresses
     * @return threshold The number of modules needed to verify
     */
    function modulesAndThreshold(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        view
        returns (address[] memory modules, uint8 threshold);
}


// File contracts/interfaces/isms/ICcipReadIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface ICcipReadIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /// @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668
    /// @param sender the address of the contract making the call, usually address(this)
    /// @param urls the URLs to query for offchain data
    /// @param callData context needed for offchain service to service request
    /// @param callbackFunction function selector to call with offchain information
    /// @param extraData additional passthrough information to call callbackFunction with
    error OffchainLookup(
        address sender,
        string[] urls,
        bytes callData,
        bytes4 callbackFunction,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Reverts with the data needed to query information offchain
     * and be submitted via the origin mailbox
     * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668 for more information
     * @param _message data that will help construct the offchain query
     */
    function getOffchainVerifyInfo(bytes calldata _message) external view;
}


// File contracts/interfaces/isms/IMultisigIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IMultisigIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of validators responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of signatures required
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return validators The array of validator addresses
     * @return threshold The number of validator signatures needed
     */
    function validatorsAndThreshold(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        view
        returns (address[] memory validators, uint8 threshold);
}


// File contracts/interfaces/isms/IRoutingIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IRoutingIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        view
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);
}


// File contracts/isms/libs/AggregationIsmMetadata.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 *
 * [????:????] Metadata start/end uint32 ranges, packed as uint64
 * [????:????] ISM metadata, packed encoding
 */
library AggregationIsmMetadata {
    uint256 private constant RANGE_SIZE = 4;

    /**
     * @notice Returns whether or not metadata was provided for the ISM at
     * `_index`
     * @dev Callers must ensure _index is less than the number of metadatas
     * provided
     * @param _metadata Encoded Aggregation ISM metadata
     * @param _index The index of the ISM to check for metadata for
     * @return Whether or not metadata was provided for the ISM at `_index`
     */
    function hasMetadata(bytes calldata _metadata, uint8 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bool)
    {
        (uint32 _start, ) = _metadataRange(_metadata, _index);
        return _start > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the metadata provided for the ISM at `_index`
     * @dev Callers must ensure _index is less than the number of metadatas
     * provided
     * @dev Callers must ensure `hasMetadata(_metadata, _index)`
     * @param _metadata Encoded Aggregation ISM metadata
     * @param _index The index of the ISM to return metadata for
     * @return The metadata provided for the ISM at `_index`
     */
    function metadataAt(bytes calldata _metadata, uint8 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        (uint32 _start, uint32 _end) = _metadataRange(_metadata, _index);
        return _metadata[_start:_end];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the range of the metadata provided for the ISM at
     * `_index`, or zeroes if not provided
     * @dev Callers must ensure _index is less than the number of metadatas
     * provided
     * @param _metadata Encoded Aggregation ISM metadata
     * @param _index The index of the ISM to return metadata range for
     * @return The range of the metadata provided for the ISM at `_index`, or
     * zeroes if not provided
     */
    function _metadataRange(bytes calldata _metadata, uint8 _index)
        private
        pure
        returns (uint32, uint32)
    {
        uint256 _start = (uint32(_index) * RANGE_SIZE * 2);
        uint256 _mid = _start + RANGE_SIZE;
        uint256 _end = _mid + RANGE_SIZE;
        return (
            uint32(bytes4(_metadata[_start:_mid])),
            uint32(bytes4(_metadata[_mid:_end]))
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/aggregation/AbstractAggregationIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============

// ============ Internal Imports ============



/**
 * @title AggregationIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n ISM sets that are used to verify
 * interchain messages.
 */
abstract contract AbstractAggregationIsm is IAggregationIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.AGGREGATION);

    // ============ Virtual Functions ============
    // ======= OVERRIDE THESE TO IMPLEMENT =======

    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of ISMs responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of ISMs that must verify
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return modules The array of ISM addresses
     * @return threshold The number of ISMs needed to verify
     */
    function modulesAndThreshold(bytes calldata _message)
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (address[] memory, uint8);

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Requires that m-of-n ISMs verify the provided interchain message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata (see AggregationIsmMetadata.sol)
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     */
    function verify(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        public
        returns (bool)
    {
        (address[] memory _isms, uint8 _threshold) = modulesAndThreshold(
            _message
        );
        uint256 _count = _isms.length;
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < _count; i++) {
            if (!AggregationIsmMetadata.hasMetadata(_metadata, i)) continue;
            IInterchainSecurityModule _ism = IInterchainSecurityModule(
                _isms[i]
            );
            require(
                _ism.verify(
                    AggregationIsmMetadata.metadataAt(_metadata, i),
                    _message
                ),
                "!verify"
            );
            _threshold -= 1;
        }
        require(_threshold == 0, "!threshold");
        return true;
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/aggregation/StaticAggregationIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============



/**
 * @title StaticAggregationIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n ISM sets that are used to verify
 * interchain messages.
 */
contract StaticAggregationIsm is AbstractAggregationIsm {
    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of ISMs responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of ISMs that must verify
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @return modules The array of ISM addresses
     * @return threshold The number of ISMs needed to verify
     */
    function modulesAndThreshold(bytes calldata)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (address[] memory, uint8)
    {
        return abi.decode(MetaProxy.metadata(), (address[], uint8));
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/aggregation/StaticAggregationIsmFactory.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ Internal Imports ============


contract StaticAggregationIsmFactory is StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    function _deployImplementation()
        internal
        virtual
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        return address(new StaticAggregationIsm());
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/multisig/AbstractMultisigIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============

// ============ Internal Imports ============




/**
 * @title MultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n Validator sets that are used to verify
 * interchain messages.
 * @dev See ./AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm.sol and ./AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm.sol
 * for concrete implementations of `digest` and `signatureAt`.
 * @dev See ./StaticMultisigIsm.sol for concrete implementations.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMultisigIsm is IMultisigIsm {
    // ============ Virtual Functions ============
    // ======= OVERRIDE THESE TO IMPLEMENT =======

    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of validators responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of signatures required
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return validators The array of validator addresses
     * @return threshold The number of validator signatures needed
     */
    function validatorsAndThreshold(bytes calldata _message)
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (address[] memory, uint8);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the digest to be used for signature verification.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return digest The digest to be signed by validators
     */
    function digest(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the signature at a given index from the metadata.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _index The index of the signature to return
     * @return signature Packed encoding of signature (65 bytes)
     */
    function signatureAt(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
        returns (bytes calldata);

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Requires that m-of-n validators verify a merkle root,
     * and verifies a me∑rkle proof of `_message` against that root.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     */
    function verify(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        bytes32 _digest = digest(_metadata, _message);
        (
            address[] memory _validators,
            uint8 _threshold
        ) = validatorsAndThreshold(_message);
        require(_threshold > 0, "No MultisigISM threshold present for message");

        uint256 _validatorCount = _validators.length;
        uint256 _validatorIndex = 0;
        // Assumes that signatures are ordered by validator
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _threshold; ++i) {
            address _signer = ECDSA.recover(_digest, signatureAt(_metadata, i));
            // Loop through remaining validators until we find a match
            while (
                _validatorIndex < _validatorCount &&
                _signer != _validators[_validatorIndex]
            ) {
                ++_validatorIndex;
            }
            // Fail if we never found a match
            require(_validatorIndex < _validatorCount, "!threshold");
            ++_validatorIndex;
        }
        return true;
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/ccip-read/AbstractCcipReadIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============





/**
 * @title AbstractCcipReadIsm
 * @notice An ISM that allows arbitrary payloads to be submitted and verified on chain
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668
 * @dev The AbstractCcipReadIsm provided by Hyperlane is left intentially minimalist as
 * the range of applications that could be supported by a CcipReadIsm are so broad. However
 * there are few things to note when building a custom CcipReadIsm.
 *
 * 1. `getOffchainVerifyInfo` should revert with a `OffchainLookup` error, which encodes
 *    the data necessary to query for offchain information
 * 2. For full CCIP Read specification compatibility, CcipReadIsm's should expose a function
 *    that in turn calls `process` on the configured Mailbox with the provided metadata and
 *    message. This functions selector should be provided as the `callbackFunction` payload
 *    for the OffchainLookup error
 */
abstract contract AbstractCcipReadIsm is ICcipReadIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.CCIP_READ);
}


// File contracts/isms/hook/ERC5164Ism.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============

/**
 * @title ERC5164Ism
 * @notice Uses the generic eip-5164 standard to verify interchain messages.
 */
contract ERC5164Ism is AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.NULL);
    // corresponding 5164 executor address
    address public immutable executor;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _executor) {
        require(Address.isContract(_executor), "ERC5164Ism: invalid executor");
        executor = _executor;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Check if sender is authorized to message `verifyMessageId`.
     */
    function _isAuthorized() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == executor;
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/hook/OPStackIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============


/**
 * @title OPStackIsm
 * @notice Uses the native Optimism bridge to verify interchain messages.
 */
contract OPStackIsm is
    CrossChainEnabledOptimism,
    AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm
{
    // ============ Constants ============

    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.NULL);

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _l2Messenger) CrossChainEnabledOptimism(_l2Messenger) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_l2Messenger),
            "OPStackIsm: invalid L2Messenger"
        );
    }

    // ============ Internal function ============

    /**
     * @notice Check if sender is authorized to message `verifyMessageId`.
     */
    function _isAuthorized() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return
            _crossChainSender() == TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(authorizedHook);
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/libs/MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 * [   0:  32] Origin merkle tree address
 * [  32:  36] Index of message ID in merkle tree
 * [  36:  68] Signed checkpoint message ID
 * [  68:1092] Merkle proof
 * [1092:1096] Signed checkpoint index (computed from proof and index)
 * [1096:????] Validator signatures (length := threshold * 65)
 */
library MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata {
    uint8 private constant ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 private constant MESSAGE_INDEX_OFFSET = 32;
    uint8 private constant MESSAGE_ID_OFFSET = 36;
    uint8 private constant MERKLE_PROOF_OFFSET = 68;
    uint16 private constant MERKLE_PROOF_LENGTH = 32 * 32;
    uint16 private constant SIGNED_INDEX_OFFSET = 1092;
    uint16 private constant SIGNATURES_OFFSET = 1096;
    uint8 private constant SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 65;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32
     */
    function originMerkleTreeHook(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            bytes32(
                _metadata[ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET:ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET +
                    32]
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the message being proven.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Index of the target message in the merkle tree.
     */
    function messageIndex(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint32)
    {
        return
            uint32(
                bytes4(_metadata[MESSAGE_INDEX_OFFSET:MESSAGE_INDEX_OFFSET + 4])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Index of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function signedIndex(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint32)
    {
        return
            uint32(
                bytes4(_metadata[SIGNED_INDEX_OFFSET:SIGNED_INDEX_OFFSET + 4])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message ID of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Message ID of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function signedMessageId(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return bytes32(_metadata[MESSAGE_ID_OFFSET:MESSAGE_ID_OFFSET + 32]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the merkle proof branch of the message.
     * @dev This appears to be more gas efficient than returning a calldata
     * slice and using that.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Merkle proof branch of the message.
     */
    function proof(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[32] memory)
    {
        return
            abi.decode(
                _metadata[MERKLE_PROOF_OFFSET:MERKLE_PROOF_OFFSET +
                    MERKLE_PROOF_LENGTH],
                (bytes32[32])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     * @dev Assumes signatures are sorted by validator
     * @dev Assumes `_metadata` encodes `threshold` signatures.
     * @dev Assumes `_index` is less than `threshold`
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @param _index The index of the signature to return.
     * @return The validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     */
    function signatureAt(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        uint256 _start = SIGNATURES_OFFSET + (_index * SIGNATURE_LENGTH);
        uint256 _end = _start + SIGNATURE_LENGTH;
        return _metadata[_start:_end];
    }
}


// File contracts/libs/CheckpointLib.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============

library CheckpointLib {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the digest validators are expected to sign when signing checkpoints.
     * @param _origin The origin domain of the checkpoint.
     * @param _originmerkleTreeHook The address of the origin merkle tree hook as bytes32.
     * @param _checkpointRoot The root of the checkpoint.
     * @param _checkpointIndex The index of the checkpoint.
     * @param _messageId The message ID of the checkpoint.
     * @dev Message ID must match leaf content of checkpoint root at index.
     * @return The digest of the checkpoint.
     */
    function digest(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _originmerkleTreeHook,
        bytes32 _checkpointRoot,
        uint32 _checkpointIndex,
        bytes32 _messageId
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _domainHash = domainHash(_origin, _originmerkleTreeHook);
        return
            ECDSA.toEthSignedMessageHash(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        _domainHash,
                        _checkpointRoot,
                        _checkpointIndex,
                        _messageId
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the domain hash that validators are expected to use
     * when signing checkpoints.
     * @param _origin The origin domain of the checkpoint.
     * @param _originmerkleTreeHook The address of the origin merkle tree as bytes32.
     * @return The domain hash.
     */
    function domainHash(uint32 _origin, bytes32 _originmerkleTreeHook)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        // Including the origin merkle tree address in the signature allows the slashing
        // protocol to enroll multiple trees. Otherwise, a valid signature for
        // tree A would be indistinguishable from a fraudulent signature for tree B.
        // The slashing protocol should slash if validators sign attestations for
        // anything other than a whitelisted tree.
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(_origin, _originmerkleTreeHook, "HYPERLANE")
            );
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/multisig/AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============






/**
 * @title `AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm` — multi-sig ISM with the validators-censorship resistance guarantee.
 * @notice This ISM allows using a newer signed checkpoint (say #33) to prove existence of an older message (#22) in the validators' MerkleTree.
 * This guarantees censorship resistance as validators cannot hide a message
 * by refusing to sign its checkpoint but later signing a checkpoint for a newer message.
 * If validators decide to censor a message, they are left with only one option — to not produce checkpoints at all.
 * Otherwise, the very next signed checkpoint (#33) can be used by any relayer to prove the previous message inclusion using this ISM.
 * This is censorship resistance is missing in the sibling implementation `AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm`,
 * since it can only verify messages having the corresponding checkpoints.
 * @dev Provides the default implementation of verifying signatures over a checkpoint and the message inclusion in that checkpoint.
 * This abstract contract can be overridden for customizing the `validatorsAndThreshold()` (static or dynamic).
 * @dev May be adapted in future to support batch message verification against a single root.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm is AbstractMultisigIsm {
    using MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata for bytes;
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.MERKLE_ROOT_MULTISIG);

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function digest(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        override
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        require(
            _metadata.messageIndex() <= _metadata.signedIndex(),
            "Invalid merkle index metadata"
        );
        // We verify a merkle proof of (messageId, index) I to compute root J
        bytes32 _signedRoot = MerkleLib.branchRoot(
            _message.id(),
            _metadata.proof(),
            _metadata.messageIndex()
        );
        // We provide (messageId, index) J in metadata for digest derivation
        return
            CheckpointLib.digest(
                _message.origin(),
                _metadata.originMerkleTreeHook(),
                _signedRoot,
                _metadata.signedIndex(),
                _metadata.signedMessageId()
            );
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function signatureAt(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
        override
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        return _metadata.signatureAt(_index);
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/libs/MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 * [   0:  32] Origin merkle tree address
 * [  32:  64] Signed checkpoint root
 * [  64:  68] Signed checkpoint index
 * [  68:????] Validator signatures (length := threshold * 65)
 */
library MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata {
    uint8 private constant ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 private constant MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET = 32;
    uint8 private constant MERKLE_INDEX_OFFSET = 64;
    uint8 private constant SIGNATURES_OFFSET = 68;
    uint8 private constant SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 65;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32
     */
    function originMerkleTreeHook(bytes calldata _metadata)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            bytes32(
                _metadata[ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET:ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET +
                    32]
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the merkle root of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Merkle root of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function root(bytes calldata _metadata) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_metadata[MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET:MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET + 32]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the merkle index of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Merkle index of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function index(bytes calldata _metadata) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return
            uint32(
                bytes4(_metadata[MERKLE_INDEX_OFFSET:MERKLE_INDEX_OFFSET + 4])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     * @dev Assumes signatures are sorted by validator
     * @dev Assumes `_metadata` encodes `threshold` signatures.
     * @dev Assumes `_index` is less than `threshold`
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @param _index The index of the signature to return.
     * @return The validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     */
    function signatureAt(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        uint256 _start = SIGNATURES_OFFSET + (_index * SIGNATURE_LENGTH);
        uint256 _end = _start + SIGNATURE_LENGTH;
        return _metadata[_start:_end];
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/multisig/AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============





/**
 * @title `AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm` — multi-sig ISM for the censorship-friendly validators.
 * @notice This ISM minimizes gas/performance overhead of the checkpoints verification by compromising on the censorship resistance.
 * For censorship resistance consider using `AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm`.
 * If the validators (`validatorsAndThreshold`) skip messages by not sign checkpoints for them,
 * the relayers will not be able to aggregate a quorum of signatures sufficient to deliver these messages via this ISM.
 * Integrations are free to choose the trade-off between the censorship resistance and the gas/processing overhead.
 * @dev Provides the default implementation of verifying signatures over a checkpoint related to a specific message ID.
 * This abstract contract can be customized to change the `validatorsAndThreshold()` (static or dynamic).
 */
abstract contract AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm is AbstractMultisigIsm {
    using Message for bytes;
    using MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.MESSAGE_ID_MULTISIG);

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function digest(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        override
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            CheckpointLib.digest(
                _message.origin(),
                _metadata.originMerkleTreeHook(),
                _metadata.root(),
                _metadata.index(),
                _message.id()
            );
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function signatureAt(bytes calldata _metadata, uint256 _index)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
        override
        returns (bytes calldata)
    {
        return _metadata.signatureAt(_index);
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/multisig/StaticMultisigIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ Internal Imports ============





/**
 * @title AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n Validator set that is used
 * to verify interchain messages.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm is AbstractMultisigIsm {
    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function validatorsAndThreshold(bytes calldata)
        public
        pure
        override
        returns (address[] memory, uint8)
    {
        return abi.decode(MetaProxy.metadata(), (address[], uint8));
    }
}

// solhint-disable no-empty-blocks

/**
 * @title StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n validator set that is used
 * to verify interchain messages using a merkle root signature quorum
 * and merkle proof of inclusion.
 */
contract StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsm is
    AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm,
    AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm
{

}

/**
 * @title StaticMessageIdMultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n validator set that is used
 * to verify interchain messages using a message ID signature quorum.
 */
contract StaticMessageIdMultisigIsm is
    AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm,
    AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm
{

}

// solhint-enable no-empty-blocks

contract StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsmFactory is
    StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory
{
    function _deployImplementation() internal override returns (address) {
        return address(new StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsm());
    }
}

contract StaticMessageIdMultisigIsmFactory is StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    function _deployImplementation() internal override returns (address) {
        return address(new StaticMessageIdMultisigIsm());
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IValidatorAnnounce.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IValidatorAnnounce {
    /// @notice Returns a list of validators that have made announcements
    function getAnnouncedValidators() external view returns (address[] memory);

    /**
     * @notice Returns a list of all announced storage locations for `validators`
     * @param _validators The list of validators to get storage locations for
     * @return A list of announced storage locations
     */
    function getAnnouncedStorageLocations(address[] calldata _validators)
        external
        view
        returns (string[][] memory);

    /**
     * @notice Announces a validator signature storage location
     * @param _storageLocation Information encoding the location of signed
     * checkpoints
     * @param _signature The signed validator announcement
     * @return True upon success
     */
    function announce(
        address _validator,
        string calldata _storageLocation,
        bytes calldata _signature
    ) external returns (bool);
}


// File contracts/isms/multisig/ValidatorAnnounce.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============


/**
 * @title ValidatorAnnounce
 * @notice Stores the location(s) of validator signed checkpoints
 */
contract ValidatorAnnounce is MailboxClient, IValidatorAnnounce {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
    using TypeCasts for address;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // The set of validators that have announced
    EnumerableSet.AddressSet private validators;
    // Storage locations of validator signed checkpoints
    mapping(address => string[]) private storageLocations;
    // Mapping to prevent the same announcement from being registered
    // multiple times.
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) private replayProtection;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new validator announcement is made
     * @param validator The address of the announcing validator
     * @param storageLocation The storage location being announced
     */
    event ValidatorAnnouncement(
        address indexed validator,
        string storageLocation
    );

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Announces a validator signature storage location
     * @param _storageLocation Information encoding the location of signed
     * checkpoints
     * @param _signature The signed validator announcement
     * @return True upon success
     */
    function announce(
        address _validator,
        string calldata _storageLocation,
        bytes calldata _signature
    ) external returns (bool) {
        // Ensure that the same storage metadata isn't being announced
        // multiple times for the same validator.
        bytes32 _replayId = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(_validator, _storageLocation)
        );
        require(replayProtection[_replayId] == false, "replay");
        replayProtection[_replayId] = true;

        // Verify that the signature matches the declared validator
        bytes32 _announcementDigest = getAnnouncementDigest(_storageLocation);
        address _signer = ECDSA.recover(_announcementDigest, _signature);
        require(_signer == _validator, "!signature");

        // Store the announcement
        if (!validators.contains(_validator)) {
            validators.add(_validator);
        }
        storageLocations[_validator].push(_storageLocation);
        emit ValidatorAnnouncement(_validator, _storageLocation);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns a list of all announced storage locations
     * @param _validators The list of validators to get registrations for
     * @return A list of registered storage metadata
     */
    function getAnnouncedStorageLocations(address[] calldata _validators)
        external
        view
        returns (string[][] memory)
    {
        string[][] memory _metadata = new string[][](_validators.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _validators.length; i++) {
            _metadata[i] = storageLocations[_validators[i]];
        }
        return _metadata;
    }

    /// @notice Returns a list of validators that have made announcements
    function getAnnouncedValidators() external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return validators.values();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the digest validators are expected to sign when signing announcements.
     * @param _storageLocation Storage location string.
     * @return The digest of the announcement.
     */
    function getAnnouncementDigest(string memory _storageLocation)
        public
        view
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            ECDSA.toEthSignedMessageHash(
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_domainHash(), _storageLocation))
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the domain separator used in validator announcements.
     */
    function _domainHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    localDomain,
                    address(mailbox).addressToBytes32(),
                    "HYPERLANE_ANNOUNCEMENT"
                )
            );
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/NoopIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

contract NoopIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    uint8 public constant override moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);

    function verify(bytes calldata, bytes calldata)
        public
        pure
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return true;
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/PausableIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============


// ============ Internal Imports ============

contract PausableIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule, Ownable, Pausable {
    uint8 public constant override moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IInterchainSecurityModule
     * @dev Reverts when paused, otherwise returns `true`.
     */
    function verify(bytes calldata, bytes calldata)
        external
        view
        whenNotPaused
        returns (bool)
    {
        return true;
    }

    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/routing/AbstractRoutingIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============


/**
 * @title RoutingIsm
 */
abstract contract AbstractRoutingIsm is IRoutingIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.ROUTING);

    // ============ Virtual Functions ============
    // ======= OVERRIDE THESE TO IMPLEMENT =======

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(bytes calldata _message)
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Routes _metadata and _message to the correct ISM
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     */
    function verify(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        public
        returns (bool)
    {
        return route(_message).verify(_metadata, _message);
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/routing/DomainRoutingIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============



// ============ Internal Imports ============





/**
 * @title DomainRoutingIsm
 */
contract DomainRoutingIsm is AbstractRoutingIsm, OwnableUpgradeable {
    using EnumerableMapExtended for EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map;
    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using TypeCasts for address;
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint32;

    // ============ Mutable Storage ============
    EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map internal _modules;

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @param _owner The owner of the contract.
     */
    function initialize(address _owner) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the ISMs to be used for the specified origin domains
     * @param _owner The owner of the contract.
     * @param _domains The origin domains
     * @param __modules The ISMs to use to verify messages
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        IInterchainSecurityModule[] calldata __modules
    ) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        require(_domains.length == __modules.length, "length mismatch");
        uint256 _length = _domains.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _length; ++i) {
            _set(_domains[i], address(__modules[i]));
        }
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the ISM to be used for the specified origin domain
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     * @param _module The ISM to use to verify messages
     */
    function set(uint32 _domain, IInterchainSecurityModule _module)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        _set(_domain, address(_module));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes the specified origin domain
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     */
    function remove(uint32 _domain) external onlyOwner {
        _remove(_domain);
    }

    function domains() external view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        return _modules.keys();
    }

    function module(uint32 origin)
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule)
    {
        (bool contained, bytes32 _module) = _modules.tryGet(origin);
        require(contained, _originNotFoundError(origin));
        return IInterchainSecurityModule(_module.bytes32ToAddress());
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============
    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(bytes calldata _message)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule)
    {
        return module(_message.origin());
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Removes the specified origin domain's ISM
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     */
    function _remove(uint32 _domain) internal {
        require(_modules.remove(_domain), _originNotFoundError(_domain));
    }

    function _originNotFoundError(uint32 _origin)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return string.concat("No ISM found for origin: ", _origin.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the ISM to be used for the specified origin domain
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     * @param _module The ISM to use to verify messages
     */
    function _set(uint32 _domain, address _module) internal {
        require(_module.isContract(), "ISM must be a contract");
        _modules.set(_domain, _module.addressToBytes32());
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/routing/DefaultFallbackRoutingIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============





// ============ External Imports ============

contract DefaultFallbackRoutingIsm is DomainRoutingIsm, MailboxClient {
    using EnumerableMapExtended for EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map;
    using Address for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    function module(uint32 origin)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule)
    {
        (bool contained, bytes32 _module) = _modules.tryGet(origin);
        if (contained) {
            return IInterchainSecurityModule(_module.bytes32ToAddress());
        } else {
            return mailbox.defaultIsm();
        }
    }
}


// File contracts/libs/MinimalProxy.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// Library for building bytecode of minimal proxies (see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167)
library MinimalProxy {
    bytes20 private constant PREFIX =
        hex"3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73";
    bytes15 private constant SUFFIX = hex"5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3";

    function create(address implementation) internal returns (address proxy) {
        bytes memory _bytecode = bytecode(implementation);
        assembly {
            proxy := create(0, add(_bytecode, 32), mload(_bytecode))
        }
    }

    function bytecode(address implementation)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return abi.encodePacked(PREFIX, bytes20(implementation), SUFFIX);
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/routing/DomainRoutingIsmFactory.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============




abstract contract AbstractDomainRoutingIsmFactory {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a routing module is deployed
     * @param module The deployed ISM
     */
    event ModuleDeployed(DomainRoutingIsm module);

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Deploys and initializes a DomainRoutingIsm using a minimal proxy
     * @param _domains The origin domains
     * @param _modules The ISMs to use to verify messages
     */
    function deploy(
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        IInterchainSecurityModule[] calldata _modules
    ) external returns (DomainRoutingIsm) {
        DomainRoutingIsm _ism = DomainRoutingIsm(
            MinimalProxy.create(implementation())
        );
        emit ModuleDeployed(_ism);
        _ism.initialize(msg.sender, _domains, _modules);
        return _ism;
    }

    function implementation() public view virtual returns (address);
}

/**
 * @title DomainRoutingIsmFactory
 */
contract DomainRoutingIsmFactory is AbstractDomainRoutingIsmFactory {
    // ============ Immutables ============
    address internal immutable _implementation;

    constructor() {
        _implementation = address(new DomainRoutingIsm());
    }

    function implementation() public view override returns (address) {
        return _implementation;
    }
}

/**
 * @title DefaultFallbackRoutingIsmFactory
 */
contract DefaultFallbackRoutingIsmFactory is AbstractDomainRoutingIsmFactory {
    // ============ Immutables ============
    address internal immutable _implementation;

    constructor(address mailbox) {
        _implementation = address(new DefaultFallbackRoutingIsm(mailbox));
    }

    function implementation() public view override returns (address) {
        return _implementation;
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/libs/Call.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

library CallLib {
    struct StaticCall {
        // supporting non EVM targets
        bytes32 to;
        bytes data;
    }

    struct Call {
        // supporting non EVM targets
        bytes32 to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
    }

    struct StaticCallWithCallback {
        StaticCall _call;
        bytes callback;
    }

    function call(Call memory _call)
        internal
        returns (bytes memory returnData)
    {
        return
            Address.functionCallWithValue(
                TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_call.to),
                _call.data,
                _call.value
            );
    }

    function staticcall(StaticCall memory _call)
        private
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return
            Address.functionStaticCall(
                TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_call.to),
                _call.data
            );
    }

    function staticcall(StaticCallWithCallback memory _call)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes memory callback)
    {
        return bytes.concat(_call.callback, staticcall(_call._call));
    }

    function multicall(Call[] memory calls) internal {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 len = calls.length;
        while (i < len) {
            call(calls[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    function multistaticcall(StaticCallWithCallback[] memory _calls)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes[] memory)
    {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 len = _calls.length;
        bytes[] memory callbacks = new bytes[](len);
        while (i < len) {
            callbacks[i] = staticcall(_calls[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        return callbacks;
    }

    function multicallto(address to, bytes[] memory calls) internal {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 len = calls.length;
        while (i < len) {
            Address.functionCall(to, calls[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    function build(bytes32 to, bytes memory data)
        internal
        pure
        returns (StaticCall memory)
    {
        return StaticCall(to, data);
    }

    function build(address to, bytes memory data)
        internal
        pure
        returns (StaticCall memory)
    {
        return build(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(to), data);
    }

    function build(
        bytes32 to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal pure returns (Call memory) {
        return Call(to, value, data);
    }

    function build(
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal pure returns (Call memory) {
        return Call(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(to), value, data);
    }

    function build(
        bytes32 to,
        bytes memory data,
        bytes memory callback
    ) internal pure returns (StaticCallWithCallback memory) {
        return StaticCallWithCallback(build(to, data), callback);
    }

    function build(
        address to,
        bytes memory data,
        bytes memory callback
    ) internal pure returns (StaticCallWithCallback memory) {
        return StaticCallWithCallback(build(to, data), callback);
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/libs/InterchainAccountMessage.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;


/**
 * Format of message:
 * [   0:  32] ICA owner
 * [  32:  64] ICA ISM
 * [  64:????] Calls, abi encoded
 */
library InterchainAccountMessage {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) InterchainAccountMessage
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _owner The owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _to The address of the contract to call
     * @param _value The value to include in the call
     * @param _data The calldata
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        address _owner,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        CallLib.Call[] memory _calls = new CallLib.Call[](1);
        _calls[0] = CallLib.build(_to, _value, _data);
        return abi.encode(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(_owner), _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) InterchainAccountMessage
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _owner The owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_owner, _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) InterchainAccountMessage
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _owner The owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        address _owner,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return encode(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(_owner), _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the calls from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain account message
     * @return The array of calls
     */
    function decode(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (
            bytes32,
            bytes32,
            CallLib.Call[] memory
        )
    {
        return abi.decode(_message, (bytes32, bytes32, CallLib.Call[]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the ISM address from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain account message
     * @return The ISM encoded in the message
     */
    function ism(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (address) {
        return address(bytes20(_message[44:64]));
    }
}


// File contracts/isms/routing/InterchainAccountIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ Internal Imports ============





/**
 * @title InterchainAccountIsm
 */
contract InterchainAccountIsm is AbstractRoutingIsm {
    IMailbox private immutable mailbox;

    // ============ Constructor ============
    constructor(address _mailbox) {
        mailbox = IMailbox(_mailbox);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(bytes calldata _message)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule)
    {
        address _ism = InterchainAccountMessage.ism(Message.body(_message));
        if (_ism == address(0)) {
            return mailbox.defaultIsm();
        } else {
            return IInterchainSecurityModule(_ism);
        }
    }
}


// File contracts/upgrade/Versioned.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/**
 * @title Versioned
 * @notice Version getter for contracts
 **/
contract Versioned {
    uint8 public constant VERSION = 3;
}


// File contracts/Mailbox.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============








// ============ External Imports ============


contract Mailbox is IMailbox, Indexed, Versioned, OwnableUpgradeable {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using TypeCasts for address;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // Domain of chain on which the contract is deployed
    uint32 public immutable localDomain;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // A monotonically increasing nonce for outbound unique message IDs.
    uint32 public nonce;

    // The latest dispatched message ID used for auth in post-dispatch hooks.
    bytes32 public latestDispatchedId;

    // The default ISM, used if the recipient fails to specify one.
    IInterchainSecurityModule public defaultIsm;

    // The default post dispatch hook, used for post processing of opting-in dispatches.
    IPostDispatchHook public defaultHook;

    // The required post dispatch hook, used for post processing of ALL dispatches.
    IPostDispatchHook public requiredHook;

    // Mapping of message ID to delivery context that processed the message.
    struct Delivery {
        address processor;
        uint48 blockNumber;
    }
    mapping(bytes32 => Delivery) internal deliveries;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the default ISM is updated
     * @param module The new default ISM
     */
    event DefaultIsmSet(address indexed module);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the default hook is updated
     * @param hook The new default hook
     */
    event DefaultHookSet(address indexed hook);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the required hook is updated
     * @param hook The new required hook
     */
    event RequiredHookSet(address indexed hook);

    // ============ Constructor ============
    constructor(uint32 _localDomain) {
        localDomain = _localDomain;
    }

    // ============ Initializers ============
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _defaultIsm,
        address _defaultHook,
        address _requiredHook
    ) external initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        setDefaultIsm(_defaultIsm);
        setDefaultHook(_defaultHook);
        setRequiredHook(_requiredHook);
        transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============
    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a message to the destination domain & recipient
     * using the default hook and empty metadata.
     * @param _destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param _recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param _messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @return The message ID inserted into the Mailbox's merkle tree
     */
    function dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external payable override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            dispatch(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipientAddress,
                _messageBody,
                _messageBody[0:0],
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param hookMetadata Metadata used by the post dispatch hook
     * @return The message ID inserted into the Mailbox's merkle tree
     */
    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata hookMetadata
    ) external payable override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            dispatch(
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody,
                hookMetadata,
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes quote for dipatching a message to the destination domain & recipient
     * using the default hook and empty metadata.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @return fee The payment required to dispatch the message
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee) {
        return
            quoteDispatch(
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody,
                messageBody[0:0],
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes quote for dispatching a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param defaultHookMetadata Metadata used by the default post dispatch hook
     * @return fee The payment required to dispatch the message
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata defaultHookMetadata
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee) {
        return
            quoteDispatch(
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody,
                defaultHookMetadata,
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Attempts to deliver `_message` to its recipient. Verifies
     * `_message` via the recipient's ISM using the provided `_metadata`.
     * @param _metadata Metadata used by the ISM to verify `_message`.
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (refer to Message.sol).
     */
    function process(bytes calldata _metadata, bytes calldata _message)
        external
        payable
        override
    {
        /// CHECKS ///

        // Check that the message was intended for this mailbox.
        require(_message.version() == VERSION, "Mailbox: bad version");
        require(
            _message.destination() == localDomain,
            "Mailbox: unexpected destination"
        );

        // Check that the message hasn't already been delivered.
        bytes32 _id = _message.id();
        require(delivered(_id) == false, "Mailbox: already delivered");

        // Get the recipient's ISM.
        address recipient = _message.recipientAddress();
        IInterchainSecurityModule ism = recipientIsm(recipient);

        /// EFFECTS ///

        deliveries[_id] = Delivery({
            processor: msg.sender,
            blockNumber: uint48(block.number)
        });
        emit Process(_message.origin(), _message.sender(), recipient);
        emit ProcessId(_id);

        /// INTERACTIONS ///

        // Verify the message via the interchain security module.
        require(
            ism.verify(_metadata, _message),
            "Mailbox: ISM verification failed"
        );

        // Deliver the message to the recipient.
        IMessageRecipient(recipient).handle{value: msg.value}(
            _message.origin(),
            _message.sender(),
            _message.body()
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the account that processed the message.
     * @param _id The message ID to check.
     * @return The account that processed the message.
     */
    function processor(bytes32 _id) external view returns (address) {
        return deliveries[_id].processor;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the account that processed the message.
     * @param _id The message ID to check.
     * @return The number of the block that the message was processed at.
     */
    function processedAt(bytes32 _id) external view returns (uint48) {
        return deliveries[_id].blockNumber;
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param metadata Metadata used by the post dispatch hook
     * @param hook Custom hook to use instead of the default
     * @return The message ID inserted into the Mailbox's merkle tree
     */
    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata metadata,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) public payable virtual returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(hook) == address(0)) {
            hook = defaultHook;
        }

        /// CHECKS ///

        // Format the message into packed bytes.
        bytes memory message = _buildMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody
        );
        bytes32 id = message.id();

        /// EFFECTS ///

        latestDispatchedId = id;
        nonce += 1;
        emit Dispatch(msg.sender, destinationDomain, recipientAddress, message);
        emit DispatchId(id);

        /// INTERACTIONS ///
        uint256 requiredValue = requiredHook.quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
        // if underpaying, defer to required hook's reverting behavior
        if (msg.value < requiredValue) {
            requiredValue = msg.value;
        }
        requiredHook.postDispatch{value: requiredValue}(metadata, message);
        hook.postDispatch{value: msg.value - requiredValue}(metadata, message);

        return id;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes quote for dispatching a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param metadata Metadata used by the post dispatch hook
     * @param hook Custom hook to use instead of the default
     * @return fee The payment required to dispatch the message
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata metadata,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) public view returns (uint256 fee) {
        if (address(hook) == address(0)) {
            hook = defaultHook;
        }

        bytes memory message = _buildMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody
        );
        return
            requiredHook.quoteDispatch(metadata, message) +
            hook.quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns true if the message has been processed.
     * @param _id The message ID to check.
     * @return True if the message has been delivered.
     */
    function delivered(bytes32 _id) public view override returns (bool) {
        return deliveries[_id].blockNumber > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the default ISM for the Mailbox.
     * @param _module The new default ISM. Must be a contract.
     */
    function setDefaultIsm(address _module) public onlyOwner {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_module),
            "Mailbox: default ISM not contract"
        );
        defaultIsm = IInterchainSecurityModule(_module);
        emit DefaultIsmSet(_module);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the default post dispatch hook for the Mailbox.
     * @param _hook The new default post dispatch hook. Must be a contract.
     */
    function setDefaultHook(address _hook) public onlyOwner {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_hook),
            "Mailbox: default hook not contract"
        );
        defaultHook = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
        emit DefaultHookSet(_hook);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the required post dispatch hook for the Mailbox.
     * @param _hook The new default post dispatch hook. Must be a contract.
     */
    function setRequiredHook(address _hook) public onlyOwner {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_hook),
            "Mailbox: required hook not contract"
        );
        requiredHook = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
        emit RequiredHookSet(_hook);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM to use for the recipient, defaulting to the
     * default ISM if none is specified.
     * @param _recipient The message recipient whose ISM should be returned.
     * @return The ISM to use for `_recipient`.
     */
    function recipientIsm(address _recipient)
        public
        view
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule)
    {
        // use low-level staticcall in case of revert or empty return data
        (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = _recipient.staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(
                ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule.interchainSecurityModule,
                ()
            )
        );
        // check if call was successful and returned data
        if (success && returnData.length != 0) {
            // check if returnData is a valid address
            address ism = abi.decode(returnData, (address));
            // check if the ISM is a contract
            if (ism != address(0)) {
                return IInterchainSecurityModule(ism);
            }
        }
        // Use the default if a valid one is not specified by the recipient.
        return defaultIsm;
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============
    function _buildMessage(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            Message.formatMessage(
                VERSION,
                nonce,
                localDomain,
                msg.sender.addressToBytes32(),
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody
            );
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/libs/OwnableMulticall.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// ============ Internal Imports ============

/*
 * @title OwnableMulticall
 * @dev Permits immutable owner address to execute calls with value to other contracts.
 */
contract OwnableMulticall {
    address public immutable owner;

    constructor(address _owner) {
        owner = _owner;
    }

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "!owner");
        _;
    }

    function multicall(CallLib.Call[] calldata calls) external onlyOwner {
        return CallLib.multicall(calls);
    }

    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    receive() external payable {}
}


// File contracts/middleware/InterchainAccountRouter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// ============ Internal Imports ============







// ============ External Imports ============



/*
 * @title A contract that allows accounts on chain A to call contracts via a
 * proxy contract on chain B.
 */
contract InterchainAccountRouter is Router {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using TypeCasts for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    // ============ Constants ============

    address internal implementation;
    bytes32 internal bytecodeHash;

    // ============ Public Storage ============
    mapping(uint32 => bytes32) public isms;

    // ============ Upgrade Gap ============

    uint256[47] private __GAP;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a default ISM is set for a remote domain
     * @param domain The remote domain
     * @param ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    event RemoteIsmEnrolled(uint32 indexed domain, bytes32 ism);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an interchain call is dispatched to a remote domain
     * @param destination The destination domain on which to make the call
     * @param owner The local owner of the remote ICA
     * @param router The address of the remote router
     * @param ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    event RemoteCallDispatched(
        uint32 indexed destination,
        address indexed owner,
        bytes32 router,
        bytes32 ism
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an interchain account contract is deployed
     * @param origin The domain of the chain where the message was sent from
     * @param owner The address of the account that sent the message
     * @param ism The address of the local ISM
     * @param account The address of the proxy account that was created
     */
    event InterchainAccountCreated(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed owner,
        address ism,
        address account
    );

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    // ============ Initializers ============

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the contract with HyperlaneConnectionClient contracts
     * @param _interchainGasPaymaster Unused but required by HyperlaneConnectionClient
     * @param _interchainSecurityModule The address of the local ISM contract
     * @param _owner The address with owner privileges
     */
    function initialize(
        address _interchainGasPaymaster,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(
            _interchainGasPaymaster,
            _interchainSecurityModule,
            _owner
        );

        implementation = address(new OwnableMulticall(address(this)));
        // cannot be stored immutably because it is dynamically sized
        bytes memory _bytecode = MinimalProxy.bytecode(implementation);
        bytecodeHash = keccak256(_bytecode);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * and ISM contracts to use as a default when making interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(_destination, _router, _ism);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of remote InterchainAccountRouters
     * and ISM contracts to use as defaults when making interchain calls
     * @param _destinations The remote domains
     * @param _routers The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouters
     * @param _isms The address of the remote ISMs
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouterAndIsms(
        uint32[] calldata _destinations,
        bytes32[] calldata _routers,
        bytes32[] calldata _isms
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _destinations.length == _routers.length &&
                _destinations.length == _isms.length,
            "length mismatch"
        );
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _destinations.length; i++) {
            _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(_destinations[i], _routers[i], _isms[i]);
        }
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============
    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a single remote call to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Uses the default router and ISM addresses for the destination
     * domain, reverting if none have been configured
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _to The address of the contract to call
     * @param _value The value to include in the call
     * @param _data The calldata
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = routers(_destination);
        bytes32 _ism = isms[_destination];
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _to,
            _value,
            _data
        );
        return _dispatchMessage(_destination, _router, _ism, _body);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of remote calls to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Uses the default router and ISM addresses for the destination
     * domain, reverting if none have been configured
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls.
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemote(uint32 _destination, CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls)
        external
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        bytes32 _router = routers(_destination);
        bytes32 _ism = isms[_destination];
        return callRemoteWithOverrides(_destination, _router, _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Handles dispatched messages by relaying calls to the interchain account
     * @param _origin The origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _sender The sender of the interchain message
     * @param _message The InterchainAccountMessage containing the account
     * owner, ISM, and sequence of calls to be relayed
     * @dev Does not need to be onlyRemoteRouter, as this application is designed
     * to receive messages from untrusted remote contracts.
     */
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable override onlyMailbox {
        (
            bytes32 _owner,
            bytes32 _ism,
            CallLib.Call[] memory _calls
        ) = InterchainAccountMessage.decode(_message);

        OwnableMulticall _interchainAccount = getDeployedInterchainAccount(
            _origin,
            _owner,
            _sender,
            _ism.bytes32ToAddress()
        );
        _interchainAccount.multicall(_calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the local address of an interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The local address of the interchain account
     */
    function getLocalInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        address _owner,
        address _router,
        address _ism
    ) external view returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        return
            getLocalInterchainAccount(
                _origin,
                _owner.addressToBytes32(),
                _router.addressToBytes32(),
                _ism
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the remote address of a locally owned interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @dev This function will only work if the destination domain is
     * EVM compatible
     * @param _destination The remote destination domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The local owner of the interchain account
     * @return The remote address of the interchain account
     */
    function getRemoteInterchainAccount(uint32 _destination, address _owner)
        external
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        address _router = routers(_destination).bytes32ToAddress();
        address _ism = isms[_destination].bytes32ToAddress();
        return getRemoteInterchainAccount(_owner, _router, _ism);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns and deploys (if not already) an interchain account
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The address of the interchain account
     */
    function getDeployedInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        address _owner,
        address _router,
        address _ism
    ) public returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        return
            getDeployedInterchainAccount(
                _origin,
                _owner.addressToBytes32(),
                _router.addressToBytes32(),
                _ism
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns and deploys (if not already) an interchain account
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The address of the interchain account
     */
    function getDeployedInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _router,
        address _ism
    ) public returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        bytes32 _salt = _getSalt(
            _origin,
            _owner,
            _router,
            _ism.addressToBytes32()
        );
        address payable _account = _getLocalInterchainAccount(_salt);
        if (!Address.isContract(_account)) {
            bytes memory _bytecode = MinimalProxy.bytecode(implementation);
            _account = payable(Create2.deploy(0, _salt, _bytecode));
            emit InterchainAccountCreated(_origin, _owner, _ism, _account);
        }
        return OwnableMulticall(_account);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the local address of a remotely owned interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The local address of the interchain account
     */
    function getLocalInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _router,
        address _ism
    ) public view returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        return
            OwnableMulticall(
                _getLocalInterchainAccount(
                    _getSalt(_origin, _owner, _router, _ism.addressToBytes32())
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the remote address of a locally owned interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @dev This function will only work if the destination domain is
     * EVM compatible
     * @param _owner The local owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The remote address of the ISM
     * @return The remote address of the interchain account
     */
    function getRemoteInterchainAccount(
        address _owner,
        address _router,
        address _ism
    ) public view returns (address) {
        require(_router != address(0), "no router specified for destination");
        // Derives the address of the first contract deployed by _router using
        // the CREATE opcode.
        address _implementation = address(
            uint160(
                uint256(
                    keccak256(
                        abi.encodePacked(
                            bytes1(0xd6),
                            bytes1(0x94),
                            _router,
                            bytes1(0x01)
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        );
        bytes memory _proxyBytecode = MinimalProxy.bytecode(_implementation);
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash = keccak256(_proxyBytecode);
        bytes32 _salt = _getSalt(
            localDomain,
            _owner.addressToBytes32(),
            address(this).addressToBytes32(),
            _ism.addressToBytes32()
        );
        return Create2.computeAddress(_salt, _bytecodeHash, _router);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of remote calls to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _router The remote router address
     * @param _ism The remote ISM address
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemoteWithOverrides(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) public returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _calls
        );
        return _dispatchMessage(_destination, _router, _ism, _body);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /**
     * @dev Required for use of Router, compiler will not include this function in the bytecode
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override {
        assert(false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Overrides Router._enrollRemoteRouter to also enroll a default ISM
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _address The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @dev Sets the default ISM to the zero address
     */
    function _enrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _destination, bytes32 _address)
        internal
        override
    {
        _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(_destination, _address, bytes32(0));
    }

    // ============ Private Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of a remote ISM contract to use as default
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    function _enrollRemoteIsm(uint32 _destination, bytes32 _ism) private {
        isms[_destination] = _ism;
        emit RemoteIsmEnrolled(_destination, _ism);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * and ISM contracts to use as a default when making interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    function _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) private {
        require(
            routers(_destination) == bytes32(0) &&
                isms[_destination] == bytes32(0),
            "router and ISM defaults are immutable once set"
        );
        Router._enrollRemoteRouter(_destination, _router);
        _enrollRemoteIsm(_destination, _ism);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches an InterchainAccountMessage to the remote router
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _body The InterchainAccountMessage body
     */
    function _dispatchMessage(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism,
        bytes memory _body
    ) private returns (bytes32) {
        require(_router != bytes32(0), "no router specified for destination");
        emit RemoteCallDispatched(_destination, msg.sender, _router, _ism);
        return mailbox.dispatch(_destination, _router, _body);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the salt used to deploy an interchain account
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The CREATE2 salt used for deploying the interchain account
     */
    function _getSalt(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) private pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_origin, _owner, _router, _ism));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the interchain account on the local chain
     * @param _salt The CREATE2 salt used for deploying the interchain account
     * @return The address of the interchain account
     */
    function _getLocalInterchainAccount(bytes32 _salt)
        private
        view
        returns (address payable)
    {
        return payable(Create2.computeAddress(_salt, bytecodeHash));
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/libs/InterchainQueryMessage.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

/**
 * Format of message:
 * [   0: 32] Sender address
 * [  32: 64] Message type (left padded with zeroes)
 * [  64:???] Encoded call array
 */
library InterchainQueryMessage {
    uint256 private constant SENDER_OFFSET = 0;
    uint256 private constant TYPE_OFFSET = 32;
    uint256 private constant CALLS_OFFSET = 64;

    enum MessageType {
        QUERY,
        RESPONSE
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the query sender from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain query message
     * @return The query sender as bytes32
     */
    function sender(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_message[SENDER_OFFSET:TYPE_OFFSET]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the message type from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain query message
     * @return The message type (query or response)
     */
    function messageType(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (MessageType)
    {
        // left padded with zeroes
        return MessageType(uint8(bytes1(_message[CALLS_OFFSET - 1])));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted InterchainQueryMessage, type == QUERY
     * @param _sender The query sender as bytes32
     * @param _calls The sequence of queries to make, with the corresponding
     * response callbacks
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _sender,
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[] calldata _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_sender, MessageType.QUERY, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted InterchainQueryMessage, type == QUERY
     * @param _sender The query sender as bytes32
     * @param _to The address of the contract to query
     * @param _data The calldata encoding the query
     * @param _callback The calldata of the callback that will be made on the sender.
     * The return value of the query will be appended.
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _sender,
        address _to,
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _callback
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[]
            memory _calls = new CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[](1);
        _calls[0] = CallLib.build(_to, _data, _callback);
        return abi.encode(_sender, MessageType.QUERY, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the calls and callbacks from the message
     * @param _message The interchain query message, type == QUERY
     * @return _calls The sequence of queries to make with the corresponding
     * response callbacks
     */
    function callsWithCallbacks(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[] memory _calls)
    {
        assert(messageType(_message) == MessageType.QUERY);
        (, , _calls) = abi.decode(
            _message,
            (bytes32, MessageType, CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[])
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted InterchainQueryMessage, type == RESPONSE
     * @param _sender The query sender as bytes32
     * @param _calls The sequence of callbacks to make
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(bytes32 _sender, bytes[] memory _calls)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return abi.encode(_sender, MessageType.RESPONSE, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the callbacks from the message
     * @param _message The interchain query message, type == RESPONSE
     * @return _calls The sequence of callbacks to make
     */
    function rawCalls(bytes calldata _message)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes[] memory _calls)
    {
        assert(messageType(_message) == MessageType.RESPONSE);
        (, , _calls) = abi.decode(_message, (bytes32, MessageType, bytes[]));
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/InterchainQueryRouter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// ============ Internal Imports ============




// ============ External Imports ============



/**
 * @title Interchain Query Router that performs remote view calls on other chains and returns the result.
 * @dev Currently does not support Sovereign Consensus (user specified Interchain Security Modules).
 */
contract InterchainQueryRouter is Router {
    using TypeCasts for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using InterchainQueryMessage for bytes;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a query is dispatched to another chain.
     * @param destination The domain of the chain to query.
     * @param sender The address that dispatched the query.
     */
    event QueryDispatched(uint32 indexed destination, address indexed sender);
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a query is executed on the and callback dispatched to the origin chain.
     * @param originDomain The domain of the chain that dispatched the query and receives the callback.
     * @param sender The address to receive the result.
     */
    event QueryExecuted(uint32 indexed originDomain, bytes32 indexed sender);
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a query is resolved on the origin chain.
     * @param destination The domain of the chain that was queried.
     * @param sender The address that resolved the query.
     */
    event QueryResolved(uint32 indexed destination, address indexed sender);

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Router contract with Hyperlane core contracts and the address of the interchain security module.
     * @param _interchainGasPaymaster The address of the interchain gas paymaster contract.
     * @param _interchainSecurityModule The address of the interchain security module contract.
     * @param _owner The address with owner privileges.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _interchainGasPaymaster,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(
            _interchainGasPaymaster,
            _interchainSecurityModule,
            _owner
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of static calls (query) to the destination domain and set of callbacks to resolve the results on the dispatcher.
     * @param _destination The domain of the chain to query.
     * @param _to The address of the contract to query
     * @param _data The calldata encoding the query
     * @param _callback The calldata of the callback that will be made on the sender.
     * The return value of the query will be appended.
     * @dev Callbacks must be returned to the `msg.sender` for security reasons. Require this contract is the `msg.sender` on callbacks.
     */
    function query(
        uint32 _destination,
        address _to,
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _callback
    ) public returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        emit QueryDispatched(_destination, msg.sender);

        messageId = _dispatch(
            _destination,
            InterchainQueryMessage.encode(
                msg.sender.addressToBytes32(),
                _to,
                _data,
                _callback
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of static calls (query) to the destination domain and set of callbacks to resolve the results on the dispatcher.
     * @param _destination The domain of the chain to query.
     * @param calls The sequence of static calls to dispatch and callbacks on the sender to resolve the results.
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls.
     * @dev Callbacks must be returned to the `msg.sender` for security reasons. Require this contract is the `msg.sender` on callbacks.
     */
    function query(
        uint32 _destination,
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[] calldata calls
    ) public returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        emit QueryDispatched(_destination, msg.sender);
        messageId = _dispatch(
            _destination,
            InterchainQueryMessage.encode(msg.sender.addressToBytes32(), calls)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Handles a message from remote enrolled Interchain Query Router.
     * @param _origin The domain of the chain that sent the message.
     * @param _message The ABI-encoded interchain query.
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32, // router sender
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal override {
        InterchainQueryMessage.MessageType messageType = _message.messageType();
        bytes32 sender = _message.sender();
        if (messageType == InterchainQueryMessage.MessageType.QUERY) {
            CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[]
                memory callsWithCallback = InterchainQueryMessage
                    .callsWithCallbacks(_message);
            bytes[] memory callbacks = CallLib.multistaticcall(
                callsWithCallback
            );
            emit QueryExecuted(_origin, sender);
            _dispatch(
                _origin,
                InterchainQueryMessage.encode(sender, callbacks)
            );
        } else if (messageType == InterchainQueryMessage.MessageType.RESPONSE) {
            address senderAddress = sender.bytes32ToAddress();
            bytes[] memory rawCalls = _message.rawCalls();
            CallLib.multicallto(senderAddress, rawCalls);
            emit QueryResolved(_origin, senderAddress);
        } else {
            assert(false);
        }
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/circle/ICircleMessageTransmitter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ICircleMessageTransmitter {
    /**
     * @notice Receive a message. Messages with a given nonce
     * can only be broadcast once for a (sourceDomain, destinationDomain)
     * pair. The message body of a valid message is passed to the
     * specified recipient for further processing.
     *
     * @dev Attestation format:
     * A valid attestation is the concatenated 65-byte signature(s) of exactly
     * `thresholdSignature` signatures, in increasing order of attester address.
     * ***If the attester addresses recovered from signatures are not in
     * increasing order, signature verification will fail.***
     * If incorrect number of signatures or duplicate signatures are supplied,
     * signature verification will fail.
     *
     * Message format:
     * Field Bytes Type Index
     * version 4 uint32 0
     * sourceDomain 4 uint32 4
     * destinationDomain 4 uint32 8
     * nonce 8 uint64 12
     * sender 32 bytes32 20
     * recipient 32 bytes32 52
     * messageBody dynamic bytes 84
     * @param _message Message bytes
     * @param _attestation Concatenated 65-byte signature(s) of `_message`, in increasing order
     * of the attester address recovered from signatures.
     * @return success bool, true if successful
     */
    function receiveMessage(bytes memory _message, bytes calldata _attestation)
        external
        returns (bool success);

    function usedNonces(bytes32 _nonceId) external view returns (bool);
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/circle/ITokenMessenger.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ITokenMessenger {
    event MessageSent(bytes message);

    /**
     * @notice Deposits and burns tokens from sender to be minted on destination domain.
     * Emits a `DepositForBurn` event.
     * @dev reverts if:
     * - given burnToken is not supported
     * - given destinationDomain has no TokenMessenger registered
     * - transferFrom() reverts. For example, if sender's burnToken balance or approved allowance
     * to this contract is less than `amount`.
     * - burn() reverts. For example, if `amount` is 0.
     * - MessageTransmitter returns false or reverts.
     * @param _amount amount of tokens to burn
     * @param _destinationDomain destination domain (ETH = 0, AVAX = 1)
     * @param _mintRecipient address of mint recipient on destination domain
     * @param _burnToken address of contract to burn deposited tokens, on local domain
     * @return _nonce unique nonce reserved by message
     */
    function depositForBurn(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _mintRecipient,
        address _burnToken
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce);

    /**
     * @notice Deposits and burns tokens from sender to be minted on destination domain. The mint
     * on the destination domain must be called by `_destinationCaller`.
     * WARNING: if the `_destinationCaller` does not represent a valid address as bytes32, then it will not be possible
     * to broadcast the message on the destination domain. This is an advanced feature, and the standard
     * depositForBurn() should be preferred for use cases where a specific destination caller is not required.
     * Emits a `DepositForBurn` event.
     * @dev reverts if:
     * - given destinationCaller is zero address
     * - given burnToken is not supported
     * - given destinationDomain has no TokenMessenger registered
     * - transferFrom() reverts. For example, if sender's burnToken balance or approved allowance
     * to this contract is less than `amount`.
     * - burn() reverts. For example, if `amount` is 0.
     * - MessageTransmitter returns false or reverts.
     * @param _amount amount of tokens to burn
     * @param _destinationDomain destination domain
     * @param _mintRecipient address of mint recipient on destination domain
     * @param _burnToken address of contract to burn deposited tokens, on local domain
     * @param _destinationCaller caller on the destination domain, as bytes32
     * @return _nonce unique nonce reserved by message
     */
    function depositForBurnWithCaller(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _mintRecipient,
        address _burnToken,
        bytes32 _destinationCaller
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce);
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/ILiquidityLayerAdapter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ILiquidityLayerAdapter {
    function sendTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external returns (bytes memory _adapterData);

    function receiveTokens(
        uint32 _originDomain, // Hyperlane domain
        address _recipientAddress,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _adapterData // The adapter data from the message
    ) external returns (address, uint256);
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/adapters/CircleBridgeAdapter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;




contract CircleBridgeAdapter is ILiquidityLayerAdapter, Router {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// @notice The TokenMessenger contract.
    ITokenMessenger public tokenMessenger;

    /// @notice The Circle MessageTransmitter contract.
    ICircleMessageTransmitter public circleMessageTransmitter;

    /// @notice The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
    address public liquidityLayerRouter;

    /// @notice Hyperlane domain => Circle domain.
    /// ATM, known Circle domains are Ethereum = 0 and Avalanche = 1.
    /// Note this could result in ambiguity between the Circle domain being
    /// Ethereum or unknown.
    mapping(uint32 => uint32) public hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain;

    /// @notice Token symbol => address of token on local chain.
    mapping(string => IERC20) public tokenSymbolToAddress;

    /// @notice Local chain token address => token symbol.
    mapping(address => string) public tokenAddressToSymbol;

    /**
     * @notice Emits the nonce of the Circle message when a token is bridged.
     * @param nonce The nonce of the Circle message.
     */
    event BridgedToken(uint64 nonce);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the Hyperlane domain to Circle domain mapping is updated.
     * @param hyperlaneDomain The Hyperlane domain.
     * @param circleDomain The Circle domain.
     */
    event DomainAdded(uint32 indexed hyperlaneDomain, uint32 circleDomain);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a local token and its token symbol have been added.
     */
    event TokenAdded(address indexed token, string indexed symbol);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a local token and its token symbol have been removed.
     */
    event TokenRemoved(address indexed token, string indexed symbol);

    modifier onlyLiquidityLayerRouter() {
        require(msg.sender == liquidityLayerRouter, "!liquidityLayerRouter");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @param _owner The new owner.
     * @param _tokenMessenger The TokenMessenger contract.
     * @param _circleMessageTransmitter The Circle MessageTransmitter contract.
     * @param _liquidityLayerRouter The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _tokenMessenger,
        address _circleMessageTransmitter,
        address _liquidityLayerRouter
    ) external initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);

        tokenMessenger = ITokenMessenger(_tokenMessenger);
        circleMessageTransmitter = ICircleMessageTransmitter(
            _circleMessageTransmitter
        );
        liquidityLayerRouter = _liquidityLayerRouter;
    }

    function sendTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32, // _recipientAddress, unused
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (bytes memory) {
        string memory _tokenSymbol = tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];
        require(
            bytes(_tokenSymbol).length > 0,
            "CircleBridgeAdapter: Unknown token"
        );

        uint32 _circleDomain = hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain[
            _destinationDomain
        ];
        bytes32 _remoteRouter = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);

        // Approve the token to Circle. We assume that the LiquidityLayerRouter
        // has already transferred the token to this contract.
        require(
            IERC20(_token).approve(address(tokenMessenger), _amount),
            "!approval"
        );

        uint64 _nonce = tokenMessenger.depositForBurn(
            _amount,
            _circleDomain,
            _remoteRouter, // Mint to the remote router
            _token
        );

        emit BridgedToken(_nonce);
        return abi.encode(_nonce, _tokenSymbol);
    }

    // Returns the token and amount sent
    function receiveTokens(
        uint32 _originDomain, // Hyperlane domain
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _adapterData // The adapter data from the message
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (address, uint256) {
        _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_originDomain);
        // The origin Circle domain
        uint32 _originCircleDomain = hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain[
            _originDomain
        ];
        // Get the token symbol and nonce of the transfer from the _adapterData
        (uint64 _nonce, string memory _tokenSymbol) = abi.decode(
            _adapterData,
            (uint64, string)
        );

        // Require the circle message to have been processed
        bytes32 _nonceId = _circleNonceId(_originCircleDomain, _nonce);
        require(
            circleMessageTransmitter.usedNonces(_nonceId),
            "Circle message not processed yet"
        );

        IERC20 _token = tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol];
        require(
            address(_token) != address(0),
            "CircleBridgeAdapter: Unknown token"
        );

        // Transfer the token out to the recipient
        // Circle doesn't charge any fee, so we can safely transfer out the
        // exact amount that was bridged over.
        _token.safeTransfer(_recipient, _amount);

        return (address(_token), _amount);
    }

    // This contract is only a Router to be aware of remote router addresses,
    // and doesn't actually send/handle Hyperlane messages directly
    function _handle(
        uint32, // origin
        bytes32, // sender
        bytes calldata // message
    ) internal pure override {
        revert("No messages expected");
    }

    function addDomain(uint32 _hyperlaneDomain, uint32 _circleDomain)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain[_hyperlaneDomain] = _circleDomain;

        emit DomainAdded(_hyperlaneDomain, _circleDomain);
    }

    function addToken(address _token, string calldata _tokenSymbol)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(
            _token != address(0) && bytes(_tokenSymbol).length > 0,
            "Cannot add default values"
        );

        // Require the token and token symbol to be unset.
        address _existingToken = address(tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol]);
        require(_existingToken == address(0), "token symbol already has token");

        string memory _existingSymbol = tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];
        require(
            bytes(_existingSymbol).length == 0,
            "token already has token symbol"
        );

        tokenAddressToSymbol[_token] = _tokenSymbol;
        tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol] = IERC20(_token);

        emit TokenAdded(_token, _tokenSymbol);
    }

    function removeToken(address _token, string calldata _tokenSymbol)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        // Require the provided token and token symbols match what's in storage.
        address _existingToken = address(tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol]);
        require(_existingToken == _token, "Token mismatch");

        string memory _existingSymbol = tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];
        require(
            keccak256(bytes(_existingSymbol)) == keccak256(bytes(_tokenSymbol)),
            "Token symbol mismatch"
        );

        // Delete them from storage.
        delete tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol];
        delete tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];

        emit TokenRemoved(_token, _tokenSymbol);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the Circle nonce ID by hashing _originCircleDomain and _nonce.
     * @param _originCircleDomain Domain of chain where the transfer originated
     * @param _nonce The unique identifier for the message from source to
              destination
     * @return hash of source and nonce
     */
    function _circleNonceId(uint32 _originCircleDomain, uint64 _nonce)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_originCircleDomain, _nonce));
    }
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/portal/IPortalTokenBridge.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// Portal's interface from their docs
interface IPortalTokenBridge {
    struct Transfer {
        uint8 payloadID;
        uint256 amount;
        bytes32 tokenAddress;
        uint16 tokenChain;
        bytes32 to;
        uint16 toChain;
        uint256 fee;
    }

    struct TransferWithPayload {
        uint8 payloadID;
        uint256 amount;
        bytes32 tokenAddress;
        uint16 tokenChain;
        bytes32 to;
        uint16 toChain;
        bytes32 fromAddress;
        bytes payload;
    }

    struct AssetMeta {
        uint8 payloadID;
        bytes32 tokenAddress;
        uint16 tokenChain;
        uint8 decimals;
        bytes32 symbol;
        bytes32 name;
    }

    struct RegisterChain {
        bytes32 module;
        uint8 action;
        uint16 chainId;
        uint16 emitterChainID;
        bytes32 emitterAddress;
    }

    struct UpgradeContract {
        bytes32 module;
        uint8 action;
        uint16 chainId;
        bytes32 newContract;
    }

    struct RecoverChainId {
        bytes32 module;
        uint8 action;
        uint256 evmChainId;
        uint16 newChainId;
    }

    event ContractUpgraded(
        address indexed oldContract,
        address indexed newContract
    );

    function transferTokensWithPayload(
        address token,
        uint256 amount,
        uint16 recipientChain,
        bytes32 recipient,
        uint32 nonce,
        bytes memory payload
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    function completeTransferWithPayload(bytes memory encodedVm)
        external
        returns (bytes memory);

    function parseTransferWithPayload(bytes memory encoded)
        external
        pure
        returns (TransferWithPayload memory transfer);

    function wrappedAsset(uint16 tokenChainId, bytes32 tokenAddress)
        external
        view
        returns (address);

    function isWrappedAsset(address token) external view returns (bool);
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/adapters/PortalAdapter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;



contract PortalAdapter is ILiquidityLayerAdapter, Router {
    /// @notice The Portal TokenBridge contract.
    IPortalTokenBridge public portalTokenBridge;

    /// @notice The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
    address public liquidityLayerRouter;

    /// @notice Hyperlane domain => Wormhole domain.
    mapping(uint32 => uint16) public hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain;
    /// @notice transferId => token address
    mapping(bytes32 => address) public portalTransfersProcessed;

    // We could technically use Portal's sequence number here but it doesn't
    // get passed through, so we would have to parse the VAA twice
    // 224 bits should be large enough and allows us to pack into a single slot
    // with a Hyperlane domain
    uint224 public nonce = 0;

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Emits the nonce of the Portal message when a token is bridged.
     * @param nonce The nonce of the Portal message.
     * @param portalSequence The sequence of the Portal message.
     * @param destination The hyperlane domain of the destination
     */
    event BridgedToken(
        uint256 nonce,
        uint64 portalSequence,
        uint32 destination
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the Hyperlane domain to Wormhole domain mapping is updated.
     * @param hyperlaneDomain The Hyperlane domain.
     * @param wormholeDomain The Wormhole domain.
     */
    event DomainAdded(uint32 indexed hyperlaneDomain, uint32 wormholeDomain);

    modifier onlyLiquidityLayerRouter() {
        require(msg.sender == liquidityLayerRouter, "!liquidityLayerRouter");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _owner The new owner.
     * @param _portalTokenBridge The Portal TokenBridge contract.
     * @param _liquidityLayerRouter The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _portalTokenBridge,
        address _liquidityLayerRouter
    ) public initializer {
        // Transfer ownership of the contract to deployer
        _transferOwnership(_owner);

        portalTokenBridge = IPortalTokenBridge(_portalTokenBridge);
        liquidityLayerRouter = _liquidityLayerRouter;
    }

    /**
     * Sends tokens as requested by the router
     * @param _destinationDomain The hyperlane domain of the destination
     * @param _token The token address
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to send
     */
    function sendTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32, // _recipientAddress, unused
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (bytes memory) {
        nonce = nonce + 1;
        uint16 _wormholeDomain = hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain[
            _destinationDomain
        ];

        bytes32 _remoteRouter = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);

        // Approve the token to Portal. We assume that the LiquidityLayerRouter
        // has already transferred the token to this contract.
        require(
            IERC20(_token).approve(address(portalTokenBridge), _amount),
            "!approval"
        );

        uint64 _portalSequence = portalTokenBridge.transferTokensWithPayload(
            _token,
            _amount,
            _wormholeDomain,
            _remoteRouter,
            // Nonce for grouping Portal messages in the same tx, not relevant for us
            // https://book.wormhole.com/technical/evm/coreLayer.html#emitting-a-vaa
            0,
            // Portal Payload used in completeTransfer
            abi.encode(localDomain, nonce)
        );

        emit BridgedToken(nonce, _portalSequence, _destinationDomain);
        return abi.encode(nonce);
    }

    /**
     * Sends the tokens to the recipient as requested by the router
     * @param _originDomain The hyperlane domain of the origin
     * @param _recipient The address of the recipient
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to send
     * @param _adapterData The adapter data from the origin chain, containing the nonce
     */
    function receiveTokens(
        uint32 _originDomain, // Hyperlane domain
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _adapterData // The adapter data from the message
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (address, uint256) {
        // Get the nonce information from the adapterData
        uint224 _nonce = abi.decode(_adapterData, (uint224));

        address _tokenAddress = portalTransfersProcessed[
            transferId(_originDomain, _nonce)
        ];

        require(
            _tokenAddress != address(0x0),
            "Portal Transfer has not yet been completed"
        );

        IERC20 _token = IERC20(_tokenAddress);

        // Transfer the token out to the recipient
        // TODO: use safeTransfer
        // Portal doesn't charge any fee, so we can safely transfer out the
        // exact amount that was bridged over.
        require(_token.transfer(_recipient, _amount), "!transfer out");
        return (_tokenAddress, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * Completes the Portal transfer which sends the funds to this adapter.
     * The router can call receiveTokens to move those funds to the ultimate recipient.
     * @param encodedVm The VAA from the Wormhole Guardians
     */
    function completeTransfer(bytes memory encodedVm) public {
        bytes memory _tokenBridgeTransferWithPayload = portalTokenBridge
            .completeTransferWithPayload(encodedVm);
        IPortalTokenBridge.TransferWithPayload
            memory _transfer = portalTokenBridge.parseTransferWithPayload(
                _tokenBridgeTransferWithPayload
            );

        (uint32 _originDomain, uint224 _nonce) = abi.decode(
            _transfer.payload,
            (uint32, uint224)
        );

        // Logic taken from here https://github.com/wormhole-foundation/wormhole/blob/dev.v2/ethereum/contracts/bridge/Bridge.sol#L503
        address tokenAddress = _transfer.tokenChain ==
            hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain[localDomain]
            ? TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_transfer.tokenAddress)
            : portalTokenBridge.wrappedAsset(
                _transfer.tokenChain,
                _transfer.tokenAddress
            );

        portalTransfersProcessed[
            transferId(_originDomain, _nonce)
        ] = tokenAddress;
    }

    // This contract is only a Router to be aware of remote router addresses,
    // and doesn't actually send/handle Hyperlane messages directly
    function _handle(
        uint32, // origin
        bytes32, // sender
        bytes calldata // message
    ) internal pure override {
        revert("No messages expected");
    }

    function addDomain(uint32 _hyperlaneDomain, uint16 _wormholeDomain)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain[_hyperlaneDomain] = _wormholeDomain;

        emit DomainAdded(_hyperlaneDomain, _wormholeDomain);
    }

    /**
     * The key that is used to track fulfilled Portal transfers
     * @param _hyperlaneDomain The hyperlane of the origin
     * @param _nonce The nonce of the adapter on the origin
     */
    function transferId(uint32 _hyperlaneDomain, uint224 _nonce)
        public
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return bytes32(abi.encodePacked(_hyperlaneDomain, _nonce));
    }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient {
    function handleWithTokens(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external;
}


// File contracts/interfaces/ILiquidityLayerRouter.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface ILiquidityLayerRouter {
    function dispatchWithTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount,
        string calldata _bridge,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external returns (bytes32);
}


// File contracts/middleware/liquidity-layer/LiquidityLayerRouter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;





contract LiquidityLayerRouter is Router, ILiquidityLayerRouter {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // Token bridge => adapter address
    mapping(string => address) public liquidityLayerAdapters;

    event LiquidityLayerAdapterSet(string indexed bridge, address adapter);

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Router contract with Hyperlane core contracts and the address of the interchain security module.
     * @param _interchainGasPaymaster The address of the interchain gas paymaster contract.
     * @param _interchainSecurityModule The address of the interchain security module contract.
     * @param _owner The address with owner privileges.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _interchainGasPaymaster,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(
            _interchainGasPaymaster,
            _interchainSecurityModule,
            _owner
        );
    }

    function dispatchWithTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount,
        string calldata _bridge,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external returns (bytes32) {
        ILiquidityLayerAdapter _adapter = _getAdapter(_bridge);

        // Transfer the tokens to the adapter
        IERC20(_token).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(_adapter), _amount);

        // Reverts if the bridge was unsuccessful.
        // Gets adapter-specific data that is encoded into the message
        // ultimately sent via Hyperlane.
        bytes memory _adapterData = _adapter.sendTokens(
            _destinationDomain,
            _recipientAddress,
            _token,
            _amount
        );

        // The user's message "wrapped" with metadata required by this middleware
        bytes memory _messageWithMetadata = abi.encode(
            TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(msg.sender),
            _recipientAddress, // The "user" recipient
            _amount, // The amount of the tokens sent over the bridge
            _bridge, // The destination token bridge ID
            _adapterData, // The adapter-specific data
            _messageBody // The "user" message
        );

        // Dispatch the _messageWithMetadata to the destination's LiquidityLayerRouter.
        return _dispatch(_destinationDomain, _messageWithMetadata);
    }

    // Handles a message from an enrolled remote LiquidityLayerRouter
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32, // _sender, unused
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal override {
        // Decode the message with metadata, "unwrapping" the user's message body
        (
            bytes32 _originalSender,
            bytes32 _userRecipientAddress,
            uint256 _amount,
            string memory _bridge,
            bytes memory _adapterData,
            bytes memory _userMessageBody
        ) = abi.decode(
                _message,
                (bytes32, bytes32, uint256, string, bytes, bytes)
            );

        ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient _userRecipient = ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient(
                TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_userRecipientAddress)
            );

        // Reverts if the adapter hasn't received the bridged tokens yet
        (address _token, uint256 _receivedAmount) = _getAdapter(_bridge)
            .receiveTokens(
                _origin,
                address(_userRecipient),
                _amount,
                _adapterData
            );

        if (_userMessageBody.length > 0) {
            _userRecipient.handleWithTokens(
                _origin,
                _originalSender,
                _userMessageBody,
                _token,
                _receivedAmount
            );
        }
    }

    function setLiquidityLayerAdapter(string calldata _bridge, address _adapter)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        liquidityLayerAdapters[_bridge] = _adapter;
        emit LiquidityLayerAdapterSet(_bridge, _adapter);
    }

    function _getAdapter(string memory _bridge)
        internal
        view
        returns (ILiquidityLayerAdapter _adapter)
    {
        _adapter = ILiquidityLayerAdapter(liquidityLayerAdapters[_bridge]);
        // Require the adapter to have been set
        require(address(_adapter) != address(0), "No adapter found for bridge");
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockToken.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

contract MockToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }

    function burn(uint256 _amount) external {
        _burn(msg.sender, _amount);
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockCircleMessageTransmitter.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;


contract MockCircleMessageTransmitter is ICircleMessageTransmitter {
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) processedNonces;
    MockToken token;

    constructor(MockToken _token) {
        token = _token;
    }

    function receiveMessage(bytes memory, bytes calldata)
        external
        pure
        returns (bool success)
    {
        success = true;
    }

    function hashSourceAndNonce(uint32 _source, uint64 _nonce)
        public
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_source, _nonce));
    }

    function process(
        bytes32 _nonceId,
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) public {
        processedNonces[_nonceId] = true;
        token.mint(_recipient, _amount);
    }

    function usedNonces(bytes32 _nonceId) external view returns (bool) {
        return processedNonces[_nonceId];
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockCircleTokenMessenger.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;


contract MockCircleTokenMessenger is ITokenMessenger {
    uint64 public nextNonce = 0;
    MockToken token;

    constructor(MockToken _token) {
        token = _token;
    }

    function depositForBurn(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        address _burnToken
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce) {
        nextNonce = nextNonce + 1;
        _nonce = nextNonce;
        require(address(token) == _burnToken);
        token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
        token.burn(_amount);
    }

    function depositForBurnWithCaller(
        uint256,
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        address,
        bytes32
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce) {
        nextNonce = nextNonce + 1;
        _nonce = nextNonce;
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockERC5164.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

contract MockMessageDispatcher is IMessageDispatcher {
    function dispatchMessage(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 messageId = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(toChainId, to, data));

        // simulate a successful dispatch
        emit MessageDispatched(messageId, msg.sender, toChainId, to, data);

        return messageId;
    }
}

contract MockMessageExecutor {
    event MessageIdExecuted(
        uint256 indexed fromChainId,
        bytes32 indexed messageId
    );
}


// File contracts/test/TestIsm.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

contract TestIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    uint8 public moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);

    bool verifyResult = true;

    function setVerify(bool _verify) public {
        verifyResult = _verify;
    }

    function verify(bytes calldata, bytes calldata) public view returns (bool) {
        return verifyResult;
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestPostDispatchHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;


contract TestPostDispatchHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook {
    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // test fees for quoteDispatch
    uint256 public fee = 0;

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.UNUSED);
    }

    function supportsMetadata(bytes calldata)
        public
        pure
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return true;
    }

    function setFee(uint256 _fee) external {
        fee = _fee;
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        /*metadata*/
        bytes calldata /*message*/
    ) internal pure override {
        // test - empty
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        /*metadata*/
        bytes calldata /*message*/
    ) internal view override returns (uint256) {
        return fee;
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockMailbox.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;








contract MockMailbox is Mailbox {
    using Message for bytes;

    uint32 public inboundUnprocessedNonce = 0;
    uint32 public inboundProcessedNonce = 0;

    mapping(uint32 => MockMailbox) public remoteMailboxes;
    mapping(uint256 => bytes) public inboundMessages;

    constructor(uint32 _domain) Mailbox(_domain) {
        TestIsm ism = new TestIsm();
        defaultIsm = ism;

        TestPostDispatchHook hook = new TestPostDispatchHook();
        defaultHook = hook;
        requiredHook = hook;

        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    function addRemoteMailbox(uint32 _domain, MockMailbox _mailbox) external {
        remoteMailboxes[_domain] = _mailbox;
    }

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata metadata,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) public payable override returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory message = _buildMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody
        );
        bytes32 id = super.dispatch(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody,
            metadata,
            hook
        );

        MockMailbox _destinationMailbox = remoteMailboxes[destinationDomain];
        require(
            address(_destinationMailbox) != address(0),
            "Missing remote mailbox"
        );
        _destinationMailbox.addInboundMessage(message);

        return id;
    }

    function addInboundMessage(bytes calldata message) external {
        inboundMessages[inboundUnprocessedNonce] = message;
        inboundUnprocessedNonce++;
    }

    function processNextInboundMessage() public {
        bytes memory _message = inboundMessages[inboundProcessedNonce];
        Mailbox(address(this)).process("", _message);
        inboundProcessedNonce++;
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestInterchainGasPaymaster.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============

contract TestInterchainGasPaymaster is InterchainGasPaymaster {
    uint256 public constant gasPrice = 10;

    constructor() {
        initialize(msg.sender, msg.sender);
    }

    function quoteGasPayment(uint32, uint256 gasAmount)
        public
        pure
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return gasPrice * gasAmount;
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockHyperlaneEnvironment.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;



contract MockHyperlaneEnvironment {
    uint32 originDomain;
    uint32 destinationDomain;

    mapping(uint32 => MockMailbox) public mailboxes;
    mapping(uint32 => TestInterchainGasPaymaster) public igps;
    mapping(uint32 => IInterchainSecurityModule) public isms;

    constructor(uint32 _originDomain, uint32 _destinationDomain) {
        originDomain = _originDomain;
        destinationDomain = _destinationDomain;

        MockMailbox originMailbox = new MockMailbox(_originDomain);
        MockMailbox destinationMailbox = new MockMailbox(_destinationDomain);

        originMailbox.addRemoteMailbox(_destinationDomain, destinationMailbox);
        destinationMailbox.addRemoteMailbox(_originDomain, originMailbox);

        isms[originDomain] = new TestIsm();
        isms[destinationDomain] = new TestIsm();

        originMailbox.setDefaultIsm(address(isms[originDomain]));
        destinationMailbox.setDefaultIsm(address(isms[destinationDomain]));

        igps[originDomain] = new TestInterchainGasPaymaster();
        igps[destinationDomain] = new TestInterchainGasPaymaster();

        originMailbox.transferOwnership(msg.sender);
        destinationMailbox.transferOwnership(msg.sender);

        mailboxes[_originDomain] = originMailbox;
        mailboxes[_destinationDomain] = destinationMailbox;
    }

    function processNextPendingMessage() public {
        mailboxes[destinationDomain].processNextInboundMessage();
    }

    function processNextPendingMessageFromDestination() public {
        mailboxes[originDomain].processNextInboundMessage();
    }
}


// File contracts/mock/MockPortalBridge.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;



contract MockPortalBridge is IPortalTokenBridge {
    uint256 nextNonce = 0;
    MockToken token;

    constructor(MockToken _token) {
        token = _token;
    }

    function transferTokensWithPayload(
        address,
        uint256 amount,
        uint16,
        bytes32,
        uint32,
        bytes memory
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence) {
        nextNonce = nextNonce + 1;
        token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
        token.burn(amount);
        return uint64(nextNonce);
    }

    function wrappedAsset(uint16, bytes32) external view returns (address) {
        return address(token);
    }

    function isWrappedAsset(address) external pure returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    function completeTransferWithPayload(bytes memory encodedVm)
        external
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        (uint32 _originDomain, uint224 _nonce, uint256 _amount) = abi.decode(
            encodedVm,
            (uint32, uint224, uint256)
        );

        token.mint(msg.sender, _amount);
        // Format it so that parseTransferWithPayload returns the desired payload
        return
            abi.encode(
                TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(address(token)),
                adapterData(_originDomain, _nonce, address(token))
            );
    }

    function parseTransferWithPayload(bytes memory encoded)
        external
        pure
        returns (TransferWithPayload memory transfer)
    {
        (bytes32 tokenAddress, bytes memory payload) = abi.decode(
            encoded,
            (bytes32, bytes)
        );
        transfer.payload = payload;
        transfer.tokenAddress = tokenAddress;
    }

    function adapterData(
        uint32 _originDomain,
        uint224 _nonce,
        address _token
    ) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encode(
                _originDomain,
                _nonce,
                TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(_token)
            );
    }

    function mockPortalVaa(
        uint32 _originDomain,
        uint224 _nonce,
        uint256 _amount
    ) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_originDomain, _nonce, _amount);
    }
}


// File contracts/test/ERC20Test.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

contract ERC20Test is ERC20 {
    uint8 public immutable _decimals;

    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint256 totalSupply,
        uint8 __decimals
    ) ERC20(name, symbol) {
        _decimals = __decimals;
        _mint(msg.sender, totalSupply);
    }

    function decimals() public view override returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }
}


// File contracts/test/ERC721Test.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

contract ERC721Test is ERC721Enumerable {
    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint256 _mintAmount
    ) ERC721(name, symbol) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _mintAmount; i++) {
            _mint(msg.sender, i);
        }
    }

    function _baseURI() internal pure override returns (string memory) {
        return "TEST-BASE-URI";
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestRecipient.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;


contract TestRecipient is
    Ownable,
    IMessageRecipient,
    ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule
{
    IInterchainSecurityModule public interchainSecurityModule;
    bytes32 public lastSender;
    bytes public lastData;

    address public lastCaller;
    string public lastCallMessage;

    event ReceivedMessage(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed sender,
        uint256 indexed value,
        string message
    );

    event ReceivedCall(address indexed caller, uint256 amount, string message);

    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable virtual override {
        emit ReceivedMessage(_origin, _sender, msg.value, string(_data));
        lastSender = _sender;
        lastData = _data;
    }

    function fooBar(uint256 amount, string calldata message) external {
        emit ReceivedCall(msg.sender, amount, message);
        lastCaller = msg.sender;
        lastCallMessage = message;
    }

    function setInterchainSecurityModule(address _ism) external onlyOwner {
        interchainSecurityModule = IInterchainSecurityModule(_ism);
    }
}


// File contracts/test/LightTestRecipient.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

contract LightTestRecipient is TestRecipient {
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable override {
        // do nothing
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestGasRouter.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

contract TestGasRouter is GasRouter {
    constructor(address _mailbox) GasRouter(_mailbox) {}

    function dispatch(uint32 _destination, bytes memory _msg) external payable {
        _dispatch(_destination, _msg);
    }

    function _handle(
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override {}
}


// File contracts/test/TestLiquidityLayerMessageRecipient.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

contract TestLiquidityLayerMessageRecipient is ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient {
    event HandledWithTokens(
        uint32 origin,
        bytes32 sender,
        bytes message,
        address token,
        uint256 amount
    );

    function handleWithTokens(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external {
        emit HandledWithTokens(_origin, _sender, _message, _token, _amount);
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestMailbox.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;





contract TestMailbox is Mailbox {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    constructor(uint32 _localDomain) Mailbox(_localDomain) {
        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
    }

    function testHandle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes calldata _body
    ) external {
        IMessageRecipient(_recipient.bytes32ToAddress()).handle(
            _origin,
            _sender,
            _body
        );
    }

    function buildOutboundMessage(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata body
    ) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return _buildMessage(destinationDomain, recipientAddress, body);
    }

    function buildInboundMessage(
        uint32 originDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes32 senderAddress,
        bytes calldata body
    ) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            Message.formatMessage(
                VERSION,
                nonce,
                originDomain,
                senderAddress,
                localDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                body
            );
    }

    function updateLatestDispatchedId(bytes32 _id) external {
        latestDispatchedId = _id;
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestMerkle.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

contract TestMerkle {
    using MerkleLib for MerkleLib.Tree;

    MerkleLib.Tree public tree;

    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    constructor() {}

    function insert(bytes32 _node) external {
        tree.insert(_node);
    }

    function branchRoot(
        bytes32 _leaf,
        bytes32[32] calldata _proof,
        uint256 _index
    ) external pure returns (bytes32 _node) {
        return MerkleLib.branchRoot(_leaf, _proof, _index);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the number of inserted leaves in the tree
     */
    function count() public view returns (uint256) {
        return tree.count;
    }

    function root() public view returns (bytes32) {
        return tree.root();
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestMerkleTreeHook.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;


contract TestMerkleTreeHook is MerkleTreeHook {
    using MerkleLib for MerkleLib.Tree;

    constructor(address _mailbox) MerkleTreeHook(_mailbox) {}

    function proof() external view returns (bytes32[32] memory) {
        bytes32[32] memory _zeroes = MerkleLib.zeroHashes();
        uint256 _index = _tree.count - 1;
        bytes32[32] memory _proof;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            uint256 _ithBit = (_index >> i) & 0x01;
            if (_ithBit == 1) {
                _proof[i] = _tree.branch[i];
            } else {
                _proof[i] = _zeroes[i];
            }
        }
        return _proof;
    }

    function insert(bytes32 _id) external {
        _tree.insert(_id);
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestMessage.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

contract TestMessage {
    using Message for bytes;

    function version(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (uint32 _version)
    {
        return _message.version();
    }

    function nonce(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (uint256 _nonce)
    {
        return _message.nonce();
    }

    function body(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (bytes calldata _body)
    {
        return _message.body();
    }

    function origin(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (uint32 _origin)
    {
        return _message.origin();
    }

    function sender(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (bytes32 _sender)
    {
        return _message.sender();
    }

    function destination(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (uint32 _destination)
    {
        return _message.destination();
    }

    function recipient(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (bytes32 _recipient)
    {
        return _message.recipient();
    }

    function recipientAddress(bytes calldata _message)
        external
        pure
        returns (address _recipient)
    {
        return _message.recipientAddress();
    }

    function id(bytes calldata _message) external pure returns (bytes32) {
        return _message.id();
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestQuery.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.13;



contract TestQuery {
    InterchainQueryRouter public router;

    event Owner(uint256, address);

    constructor(address _router) {
        router = InterchainQueryRouter(_router);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fetches owner of InterchainQueryRouter on provided domain and passes along with provided secret to `this.receiveRouterOwner`
     */
    function queryRouterOwner(uint32 domain, uint256 secret) external {
        address target = TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(router.routers(domain));
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[]
            memory calls = new CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[](1);
        calls[0] = CallLib.build(
            target,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(Ownable.owner.selector),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(this.receiveRouterOwner.selector, secret)
        );
        router.query(domain, calls);
    }

    /**
     * @dev `msg.sender` must be restricted to `this.router` to prevent any local account from spoofing query data.
     */
    function receiveRouterOwner(uint256 secret, address owner) external {
        require(msg.sender == address(router), "TestQuery: not from router");
        emit Owner(secret, owner);
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestQuerySender.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;


contract TestQuerySender {
    InterchainQueryRouter queryRouter;

    address public lastAddressResult;
    uint256 public lastUint256Result;
    bytes32 public lastBytes32Result;

    event ReceivedAddressResult(address result);
    event ReceivedUint256Result(uint256 result);
    event ReceivedBytes32Result(bytes32 result);

    function initialize(address _queryRouterAddress) external {
        queryRouter = InterchainQueryRouter(_queryRouterAddress);
    }

    function queryAddress(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external payable {
        queryAndPayFor(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            this.handleQueryAddressResult.selector,
            _gasAmount
        );
    }

    function handleQueryAddressResult(address _result) external {
        emit ReceivedAddressResult(_result);
        lastAddressResult = _result;
    }

    function queryUint256(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external payable {
        queryAndPayFor(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            this.handleQueryUint256Result.selector,
            _gasAmount
        );
    }

    function handleQueryUint256Result(uint256 _result) external {
        emit ReceivedUint256Result(_result);
        lastUint256Result = _result;
    }

    function queryBytes32(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external payable {
        queryAndPayFor(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            this.handleQueryBytes32Result.selector,
            _gasAmount
        );
    }

    function handleQueryBytes32Result(bytes32 _result) external {
        emit ReceivedBytes32Result(_result);
        lastBytes32Result = _result;
    }

    function queryAndPayFor(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        bytes4 _callbackSelector,
        uint256 /*_gasAmount*/
    ) internal {
        queryRouter.query(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            abi.encodePacked(_callbackSelector)
        );
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestRouter.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

contract TestRouter is Router {
    event InitializeOverload();

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    function initialize(address _hook, address _interchainSecurityModule)
        public
        initializer
    {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, msg.sender);
    }

    function _handle(
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override {}

    function isRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain, bytes32 _potentialRemoteRouter)
        external
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return _isRemoteRouter(_domain, _potentialRemoteRouter);
    }

    function mustHaveRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain)
        external
        view
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_domain);
    }

    function dispatch(uint32 _destination, bytes memory _msg) external payable {
        _dispatch(_destination, _msg);
    }
}


// File contracts/test/TestSendReceiver.sol

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;






contract TestSendReceiver is IMessageRecipient {
    using TypeCasts for address;

    uint256 public constant HANDLE_GAS_AMOUNT = 50_000;

    event Handled(bytes32 blockHash);

    function dispatchToSelf(
        IMailbox _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external payable {
        bytes memory hookMetadata = StandardHookMetadata.formatMetadata(
            HANDLE_GAS_AMOUNT,
            msg.sender
        );
        // TODO: handle topping up?
        _mailbox.dispatch{value: msg.value}(
            _destinationDomain,
            address(this).addressToBytes32(),
            _messageBody,
            hookMetadata
        );
    }

    function dispatchToSelf(
        IMailbox _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes calldata _messageBody,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) external payable {
        bytes memory hookMetadata = StandardHookMetadata.formatMetadata(
            HANDLE_GAS_AMOUNT,
            msg.sender
        );
        // TODO: handle topping up?
        _mailbox.dispatch{value: msg.value}(
            _destinationDomain,
            address(this).addressToBytes32(),
            _messageBody,
            hookMetadata,
            hook
        );
    }

    function handle(
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata
    ) external payable override {
        bytes32 blockHash = previousBlockHash();
        bool isBlockHashEndIn0 = uint256(blockHash) % 16 == 0;
        require(!isBlockHashEndIn0, "block hash ends in 0");
        emit Handled(blockHash);
    }

    function previousBlockHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return blockhash(block.numb